Genetic Polymorphism in Natural Populations of Avena fatua and A. barbata

Nature ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 221 (5177) ◽  
pp. 276-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. MARSHALL ◽  
S. K. JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Avena Fatua

Genetic adaptation for seed dormancy in Avena fatua

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Naylor ◽  
S. Jana
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Genetic Adaptation ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Primary Dormancy ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Wild Oats

Genetic variability affecting duration of primary dormancy is demonstrated in natural populations of wild oats. Marked differences were found among local populations in germination behavior. The evidence suggests that these differences result in part from genetic adaptation to agronomic practices.

scholarly journals A GENERAL MODEL TO ACCOUNT FOR ENZYME VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-848
Author(s):  
John H Gillespie ◽  
Charles H Langley
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
General Model ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Biochemical Evidence ◽  
Enzyme Variation ◽  
Variable Environments ◽  
Varying Environments ◽  
Spatially Varying

ABSTRACT Approximate conditions for genetic polymorphism in temporally and spatially varying environments are presented for loci which are intermediate at the level of fitness or at the level of gene function. The conditions suggest that polymorphism will be more likely in more variable environments while unlikely in constant environments. Biochemical evidence is presented to justify the assumption of heterozygote intermediacy. Observations on natural populations are cited which substantiate the claim that allozymic polymorphism is primarily due to selection acting on environmental variation in gene function.

Genetic Variability for Herbicide Reaction in Plant Populations

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Price ◽  
James E. Hill ◽  
R. W. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Avena Barbata

The level of genetic variation for tolerance to herbicides was quantified in populations of slender wild oat (Avena barbata Brott. # AVEBA), wild oat (Avena fatua L. # AVEFA), and godetia (Clarkia williamsonii Lewis & Lewis) that had not been previously exposed to herbicides. Seedlings of wild oat and godetia were treated with barban (4-chloro-2-butynl-m-chlorocarbanilate) and bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile), respectively. The plants were rated for phytotoxic effects following treatment. A one-way analysis of variance on arcsin-transformed phytotoxicity ratings showed significant amounts of inter- and intrapopulation variability for herbicide reaction. Furthermore, the amount of genetic variance for herbicide reaction is higher than expected on the basis of mutation alone, suggesting selection favoring genes conferring herbicide tolerance occurs in natural populations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic polymorphism of proteins in stellate sturgeon Acipenser stellatus (Pall) in aquaculture with reference to economically valuable traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032033
Author(s):  
Elena Shishanova ◽  
Grigory Shishanov ◽  
Dmitry Isaev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Stellate Sturgeon ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Acipenser Stellatus

Abstract One of the main goals of sturgeon aquaculture is the restoration and renewal of wild populations of sturgeon fish in nature, which creates a tension between selective breeding with maintenance of valuable economic traits in a homozygous state and the need to conserve genetic diversity ensuring fitness in natural environments. It is generally assumed that important economic characteristics, such as body weight and size, growth rate, fecundity, etc., as well as fitness in fish, are associated with heterozygosity and genetic polymorphism of some key metabolic enzymes. It remains unclear whether aquaculture conditions can be as a whole selection factor in favor of certain allelic variants of these enzymes. To establish the relationship between some economic traits and enzymatic polymorphism, we studied the distribution of allelic variants of LDH-3, AAT-2, FGM, and Est enzymes in stellate sturgeon reared in aquaculture. We revealed a frequency bias of some allelic variants of the studied enzymes in a cohort of fish from the generation bred in aquaculture compared to the frequencies of those alleles in wild natural populations. Our study suggests that industrial breeding promotes selection in the direction of reducing size but increasing survival rates, which correlates with certain allelic variants.

Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals. IV. Triploid Otiorrhynchus salicis Ström (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Lokki ◽  
Pekka Lankinen ◽  
Anssi Saura ◽  
Esko Suomalainen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Bisexual Population ◽  
Starch Gel

AbstractThe genetic variability at 20 enzyme loci in natural populations of Otiorrhynchus salicis Ström was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Altogether 135 weevils were analyzed. The samples originated from a diploid bisexual population in Austria, from four triploid parthenogenetic populations in the Carpathian mountains, and from three triploid parthenogenetic populations in central Sweden. Altogether 16 different genotypes were found in triploid parthenogenetic populations. Two major types, comprising 39 out of the 76 parthenogenetic individuals, occur both in Scandinavia and in central Europe. The less frequent types can be derived from these through mutations. O. salicis is a flightless insect, which has been assumed to have overwintered the Würm glaciation in icefree refugia in Scandinavia. The overall genetic similarity found in the material suggests that the parthenogenetic race spread to its isolated Scandinavian area in postglacial times.

scholarly journals Isozyme polymorphisms in natural populations of Avena fatua and A. barbata

Heredity ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Marshall ◽  
R W Allard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Avena Fatua

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism among natural populations of Anacardium humile A. ST-HIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Correa Santos ◽  
Raquel dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Livia Maria Chamma Davide
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Populations

Abstract The genus Anacardium presents nine species, of these, three have sub-bush size, common in the Cerrado of the Center-West of Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of the species, collected in eleven provenances, using RAPD markers. Genomic DNA from 122 accessions was extracted and amplified with 25 decamer primers. The results indicated polymorphism, ranging from 77.71% to 96.18%. The distribution of genetic diversity among and within populations shows that 27.14% of the variability is found between populations and 37.44% within the populations, suggesting the existence of genetic variability that may be related to the reproductive strategies adopted by the species throughout its evolution. The index of variation within the provenances (93.36%) was higher than the index found among populations (6.64%). Molecular analysis indicated that there is genetic divergence between and within the studied populations of Anacardium humile A. St. - Hill. The origin of Itajá-GO presented the highest genetic diversity, presenting the highest values of genetic diversity index, phenotypic diversity and higher percentage of polymorphic loci.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of epidemiology of ticks transmitted infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
A. B Konkova-Reydman ◽  
L. V Ter-Bagdasaryan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Phenotypic Heterogeneity ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Triple Infection ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

Modern literature data have changed our imaginations about the etiological "landscape" of the diseases arising after the suction biting of ticks. The possibility of transmitting mixt-infections by ticks has become an important scientific and practical problem. Ticks can be infected by the all 7 found pathogens (TBE virus, 3 species of Borrelia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Babesia). Among ticks with the modified morphology monoinfected individuals occur 1.3 times, biinfected - 1.5 times more frequently, and the cases of triple infection appear twice more often than among normal cases. There were formed new ideas about genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity of natural populations of tick-borne virus, there is discussed the heterogeneity of the genome and the pathogenic properties of the TBE virus. There was performed the analysis of literature data about the multifacetedness of the genetic polymorphism typical for the genus Borrelia in total, observed phenomena of the discrepancy of the spectrum of genospecies of Borrelia in natural foci and in biological materials from patients, complex antagonistic tolerant or symbiotic interactions between various intracellular and extracellular pathogens carried by ticks, in the vector's body, reservoir hosts and macroorganism.

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