Ratios between Contents of DNA, RNA and Protein in Different Micro-organisms as a Function of Maximal Growth Rate

Nature ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 217 (5134) ◽  
pp. 1153-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
VAGN LEICK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate ◽  
Micro Organisms

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Solvents on the Yield of Solvent-Tolerant Pseudomonas putida S12

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 2631-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Isken ◽  
Antoine Derks ◽  
Petra F. G. Wolffs ◽  
Jan A. M. de Bont
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Active Efflux ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate ◽  
Solvent Tolerant

ABSTRACT Solvent-tolerant microorganisms are useful in biotransformations with whole cells in two-phase solvent-water systems. The results presented here describe the effects that organic solvents have on the growth of these organisms. The maximal growth rate of Pseudomonas putida S12, 0.8 h−1, was not affected by toluene in batch cultures, but in chemostat cultures the solvent decreased the maximal growth rate by nearly 50%. Toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, xylene, hexane, and cyclohexane reduced the biomass yield, and this effect depended on the concentration of the solvent in the bacterial membrane and not on its chemical structure. The dose response to solvents in terms of yield was linear up to an approximately 200 mM concentration of solvent in the bacterial membrane, both in the wild type and in a mutant lacking an active efflux system for toluene. Above this critical concentration the yield of the wild type remained constant at 0.2 g of protein/g of glucose with increasing concentrations of toluene. The reduction of the yield in the presence of solvents is due to a maintenance higher by a factor of three or four as well as to a decrease of the maximum growth yield by 33%. Therefore, energy-consuming adaptation processes as well as the uncoupling effect of the solvents reduce the yield of the tolerant cells.

Osteosarcoma Developed in the Period of Maximal Growth Rate Have Inferior Prognosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ah Lee ◽  
Min Suk Kim ◽  
Dong Ho Kim ◽  
Jung Sub Lim ◽  
Kyung Duk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate

scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress on Mutation and Genetic Architecture for Fitness Components in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3831-3842
Author(s):  
Christopher Kozela ◽  
Mark O. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate ◽  
Mutational Variance

Mutations shape genetic architecture and thus influence the evolvability, adaptation and diversification of populations. Mutations may have different and even opposite effects on separate fitness components, and their rate of origin, distribution of effects and variance-covariance structure may depend on environmental quality. We performed an approximately 1,500-generation mutation-accumulation (MA) study in diploids of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stressful (high-salt) and normal environments (50 lines each) to investigate the rate of input of mutational variation (Vm) as well as the mutation rate and distribution of effects on diploid and haploid fitness components, assayed in the normal environment. All four fitness components in both MA treatments exhibited statistically significant mutational variance and mutational heritability. Compared to normal-MA, salt stress increased the mutational variance in growth rate by more than sevenfold in haploids derived from the MA lines. This increase was not detected in diploid growth rate, suggesting masking of mutations in the heterozygous state. The genetic architecture arising from mutation (M-matrix) differed between normal and salt conditions. Salt stress also increased environmental variance in three fitness components, consistent with a reduction in canalization. Maximum-likelihood analysis indicated that stress increased the genomic mutation rate by approximately twofold for maximal growth rate and sporulation rate in diploids and for viability in haploids, and by tenfold for maximal growth rate in haploids, but large confidence intervals precluded distinguishing these values between MA environments. We discuss correlations between fitness components in diploids and haploids and compare the correlations between the two MA environmental treatments.

Sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to tannic acid is due to iron deprivation

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Wauters ◽  
D Iserentant ◽  
H Verachtert
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Iron Deprivation ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate

Tannic acid inhibited the growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth medium supplementation with more nitrogen or metal ions showed that only iron ions could restore the maximal growth rate of S. cerevisiae. Tannic acid resistant mutants were previously isolated by screening for tannic acid resistance and were all cytoplasmic petite mutants. While the wild type was very sensitive to iron deprivation conditions when grown in aerobic conditions, the mutants, whether grown aerobically or anaerobically, showed the same growth rate under iron-limited conditions as under iron-repleted conditions. Also, the wild type grown anaerobically was not affected by iron-limited conditions. Cytoplasmic petite mutants obtained by ethidium bromide mutagenesis behaved like the other mutants. During iron limitation, the wild type showed a reduced oxygen uptake rate. Maximal growth rate of the wild type in iron-limited conditions could be restored by the addition to the media of unsaturated fatty acids and sterol. Iron deprivation caused by tannic acid may thus affect the synthesis of a functional respiratory chain as well as the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and (or) sterol.Key words: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, tannic acid resistance, iron deprivation, cytoplasmic petite mutant.

scholarly journals New Types of Dissipative Streaming Instabilities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Rostomyan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Initial Perturbation ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Plasma Waveguide ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Beam Plasma ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate

Two new, previously unknown types of dissipative streaming instabilities (DSI) are substantiated. They follow from new approach, which allows solving in general form the classical problem of an initial perturbation development for streaming instabilities (SI). SI is caused by relative motion of the streams of plasma components. With an increase in level of dissipation SI transforms into a DSI. The transformation occurs because dissipation serves as a channel for energy removal for the growth of the negative energy wave of the stream. Until recently, only one type of DSI was known. Its maximal growth rate depends on the beam density nb and the collision frequency ν in the plasma as ∼nb/ν. All types of conventional beam-plasma instabilities (Cherenkov, cyclotron, etc.) transform into it. The solution of the problem of the initial perturbation development in systems with weak beam-plasma coupling leads to a new type of DSI. With an increase in the level of dissipation, the instability in these systems transforms to the new DSI. Its maximal growth rate is ∼nb/ν. The second new DSI develops in beam-plasma waveguide with over-limiting current of e-beam. Its growth rate ∼nb/ν. In addition, the solutions of abovementioned problem provide much information about SI and DSI, significant part of which is unavailable by other methods.

scholarly journals Maximal growth rate at the Rosensweig instability: theory, experiment, and numerics

PAMM ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4140025-4140026
Author(s):  
Holger Knieling ◽  
Adrian Lange ◽  
Gunnar Matthies ◽  
Ingo Rehberg ◽  
Reinhard Richter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Instability Theory ◽  
Rosensweig Instability ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate

scholarly journals Environmental and Physiological Factors Affecting High-Throughput Measurements of Bacterial Growth

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esha Atolia ◽  
Spencer Cesar ◽  
Heidi A. Arjes ◽  
Manohary Rajendram ◽  
Handuo Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Maximal Growth Rate

ABSTRACT Bacterial growth under nutrient-rich and starvation conditions is intrinsically tied to the environmental history and physiological state of the population. While high-throughput technologies have enabled rapid analyses of mutant libraries, technical and biological challenges complicate data collection and interpretation. Here, we present a framework for the execution and analysis of growth measurements with improved accuracy over that of standard approaches. Using this framework, we demonstrate key biological insights that emerge from consideration of culturing conditions and history. We determined that quantification of the background absorbance in each well of a multiwell plate is critical for accurate measurements of maximal growth rate. Using mathematical modeling, we demonstrated that maximal growth rate is dependent on initial cell density, which distorts comparisons across strains with variable lag properties. We established a multiple-passage protocol that alleviates the substantial effects of glycerol on growth in carbon-poor media, and we tracked growth rate-mediated fitness increases observed during a long-term evolution of Escherichia coli in low glucose concentrations. Finally, we showed that growth of Bacillus subtilis in the presence of glycerol induces a long lag in the next passage due to inhibition of a large fraction of the population. Transposon mutagenesis linked this phenotype to the incorporation of glycerol into lipoteichoic acids, revealing a new role for these envelope components in resuming growth after starvation. Together, our investigations underscore the complex physiology of bacteria during bulk passaging and the importance of robust strategies to understand and quantify growth. IMPORTANCE How starved bacteria adapt and multiply under replete nutrient conditions is intimately linked to their history of previous growth, their physiological state, and the surrounding environment. While automated equipment has enabled high-throughput growth measurements, data interpretation and knowledge gaps regarding the determinants of growth kinetics complicate comparisons between strains. Here, we present a framework for growth measurements that improves accuracy and attenuates the effects of growth history. We determined that background absorbance quantification and multiple passaging cycles allow for accurate growth rate measurements even in carbon-poor media, which we used to reveal growth-rate increases during long-term laboratory evolution of Escherichia coli. Using mathematical modeling, we showed that maximum growth rate depends on initial cell density. Finally, we demonstrated that growth of Bacillus subtilis with glycerol inhibits the future growth of most of the population, due to lipoteichoic acid synthesis. These studies highlight the challenges of accurate quantification of bacterial growth behaviors.

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