Studies on the Relations of Insect and Host Plant: II. Effects of Water Stress in Host Plants on the Fecundity of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)

Nature ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 213 (5080) ◽  
pp. 1052-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. WEARING
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae

scholarly journals Understory host plant and insect gall diversity changes across topographic habitats differing in nutrient and water stress in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genimar Rebouças JULIÃO ◽  
Emmanuel Duarte ALMADA ◽  
Flávia Regina Capellotto COSTA ◽  
Marco Antônio Alves CARNEIRO ◽  
G. Wilson FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Plant Richness ◽  
Valley Slope

ABSTRACT Topographic gradients in terra firme forests are associated with pronounced changes in soil texture, soil nutrients and distance to the water-table, thereby creating different hydric and nutritional conditions for plants and their associated herbivore community. The aim of this study was to investigate galling species and host plant richness and gall species composition across topographic habitats differing in nutrient and water stress in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Nineteen 250 x 3 m plots were randomly sampled in the valley, slope, plateau-slope transition, and plateau habitats in terra firme forests. All individual dicotyledonous plants 1 to 3 meters high were examined for the presence of insect galls. Galling species and host plant richness differed significantly among the studied habitats and were higher in slope habitats (drier habitats), as expected. More humid areas (valleys) showed the lowest richness of galling species, and a lower number of understory host plants. PERMANOVA and PERMDISP results demonstrated that the gall species composition differed significantly in the valley, slope, plateau-slope transition, and plateau areas. However, these structural differences in species composition could be due to unequal dispersion of variability among forest habitats. Our data suggested that spatial heterogeneity, such as a mosaic of local water status and nutrient availability resulting from the topographic conditions, can affect host plants and their associated galling insects.

Dispersal of apterous aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from their host plant and its significance

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Megoura Viciae

AbstractDispersal of apterae from their natal plant was monitored for three aphid species (Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) and Megoura viciae Buckton), each on a different host plant. Some movement off the plant occurred even in the initial parental and second generations, when the plant appeared to be growing normally and when crowding was unlikely to be the cause. However, in most experiments the most marked increase in apterous dispersal coincided with a reduction or even cessation of plant growth. In nearly all the experiments this dispersal occurred when the population on the natal plant exceeded about 20 adults and their offspring per plant. The main emigrants were fourth instar apterae and prelarviposition adult apterae. The implications of this behaviour are discussed, and it is argued that apterous dispersal might be common in aphids, allowing a fuller utilization of the environment than would be likely by alate dispersal alone.

scholarly journals Early snowmelt reduces aphid abundance (Aphis asclepiadis) by creating water-stressed host plants (Ligusticum porteri) and altering interactions with ants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Mooney ◽  
Maria Mullins ◽  
James Den Uyl ◽  
Samantha Trail ◽  
Phuong Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Plant Quality ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Plant Water Stress ◽  
Ligusticum Porteri ◽  
Aphid Abundance

AbstractDeclining snow cover is reshaping ecological communities. Early loss of snow cover initiates changes in key interactions that mediate herbivore abundance, i.e., top-down and bottom-up effects. In this study, we used a field experiment to test the effects of host plant water stress and phenology on the multitrophic interactions that determine aphid abundance. The aphid, Aphis asclepiadis, in our study system colonizes the flowering stalks of the host plant Ligusticum porteri and relies on a protection mutualism with ants. We added snow and water to replicate host plants and tested for a variety of phenological and physiological responses to these treatments. Relative to host plants in ambient conditions, both water and snow addition reduced key signals of water stress (senescence and abscisic acid levels) and increased seed set. While aphid colonies were generally larger with reduced host plant water stress, the ant–aphid mutualism interacted with plant quality in complex ways. Without ant tending, we did not detect differences in aphid colony growth with host plant treatment. When tended by ants, aphid colony growth was greatest on host plants with snow addition. Host plant quality also altered the benefits exchanged in this mutualism. Ant-tended colonies hosted by plants with snow addition produced honeydew enriched in trehalose, which may have decreased both ant and natural enemy abundance. Our results suggest that early loss of snow reduces aphid abundance by creating low-quality, water-stressed host plants, and this effect may be exacerbated by natural enemies and the costs of ant attendance.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

scholarly journals Global patterns in genomic diversity underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance in the aphid crop pest Myzus persicae

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Saurabh Singh ◽  
Erick M. G. Cordeiro ◽  
Bartlomiej J. Troczka ◽  
Adam Pym ◽  
Joanna Mackisack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Host Plant Adaptation ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Clonal Lines

AbstractThe aphid Myzus persicae is a destructive agricultural pest that displays an exceptional ability to develop resistance to both natural and synthetic insecticides. To investigate the evolution of resistance in this species we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly and living panel of >110 fully sequenced globally sampled clonal lines. Our analyses reveal a remarkable diversity of resistance mutations segregating in global populations of M. persicae. We show that the emergence and spread of these mechanisms is influenced by host–plant associations, uncovering the widespread co‐option of a host-plant adaptation that also offers resistance against synthetic insecticides. We identify both the repeated evolution of independent resistance mutations at the same locus, and multiple instances of the evolution of novel resistance mechanisms against key insecticides. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the genomic responses of global insect populations to strong selective forces, and hold practical relevance for the control of pests and parasites.

scholarly journals Root-associated entomopathogenic fungi manipulate host plants to attract herbivorous insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Cotes ◽  
Gunda Thöming ◽  
Carol V. Amaya-Gómez ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Christian Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Insect Performance ◽  
Leaf Reflectance

AbstractRoot-associated entomopathogenic fungi (R-AEF) indirectly influence herbivorous insect performance. However, host plant-R-AEF interactions and R-AEF as biological control agents have been studied independently and without much attention to the potential synergy between these functional traits. In this study, we evaluated behavioral responses of cabbage root flies [Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)] to a host plant (white cabbage cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba cv. Castello L.) with and without the R-AEF Metarhizium brunneum (Petch). We performed experiments on leaf reflectance, phytohormonal composition and host plant location behavior (behavioral processes that contribute to locating and selecting an adequate host plant in the environment). Compared to control host plants, R-AEF inoculation caused, on one hand, a decrease in reflectance of host plant leaves in the near-infrared portion of the radiometric spectrum and, on the other, an increase in the production of jasmonic, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine and salicylic acid in certain parts of the host plant. Under both greenhouse and field settings, landing and oviposition by cabbage root fly females were positively affected by R-AEF inoculation of host plants. The fungal-induced change in leaf reflectance may have altered visual cues used by the cabbage root flies in their host plant selection. This is the first study providing evidence for the hypothesis that R-AEF manipulate the suitability of their host plant to attract herbivorous insects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document