‘Safety Valve’ Effect of Excess Dietary Amino-acids and Protein on Food Intake in Hyperphagic Rats

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 200 (4912) ◽  
pp. 1213-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD M. KRAUSS ◽  
JEAN MAYER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Safety Valve ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Valve Effect

Control of Food Intake by Dietary Amino Acids and Proteins

2016 ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fromentin ◽  
N. Darcel ◽  
C. Chaumontet ◽  
P. Even ◽  
D. Tomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids

Influence of protein and amino acids on food intake in the rat

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Krauss ◽  
Jean Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Safety Valve ◽  
Constant Amount ◽  
Catabolic Activity ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Intake ◽  
Hypothalamic Mechanism

The depression of food intake by high levels of dietary protein and by an excess of l-leucine in a low-protein diet was found to be independent of the presence of the hypothalamic mechanism regulating food intake. At extremely high levels of protein or amino acid intake, the amount of diet ingested was restricted to a similar level in normal and hyperphagic rats. The fact that hyperphagic rats consumed a relatively constant amount of casein in diets containing 60– 90% of protein suggested the possibility that a physiological "safety valve" operated to limit dietary intake so that protein intake did not exceed a certain threshold. An accumulation of amino acids that could not be metabolized or diverted into protein synthesis may have mediated the appetite effects. This suggestion was consistent with the finding that prefeeding high levels of protein (40 or 60% of casein), a procedure which is known to enhance amino acid catabolic activity, temporarily eliminated the appetite depression normally caused by subsequent ingestion of a high-leucine diet.

Responses of broilers to sodium bicarbonate supplementation of diets containing varying arginine : lysine ratios

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Balnave ◽  
J. Brake
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Arginine

Interactions of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) with dietary arginine : lysine (arg : lys) ratios at thermoneutral (21˚C) and high (31˚C) temperatures were investigated with 21–42-day-old broilers fed diets containing increasing concentrations of arginine to produce arg : lys ratios of 1.05, 1.15, 1.25, and 1.35, with and without 16 g NaHCO3/kg. Consistent positive relationships were observed between increasing dietary arg : lys ratios and improved food intake and weight gain at 31˚C with broilers fed diets without NaHCO3. The primary response to increasing dietary arg: lys ratio in broilers receiving NaHCO3 was increased food intake. This gave corresponding increases in weight gain at 31˚C, but not at 21˚C. Increases in dietary arg : lys ratio increased plasma arginine, ornithine, and arg: lys ratio but had little effect on plasma lysine concentrations. NaHCO3 alone had no direct effect on plasma amino acid patterns but was important in potentiating the elevated plasma arg : lys ratio responses observed at 31˚C in broilers receiving NaHCO3 in their diet. The results indicate important interrelationships exist between dietary amino acids and electrolytes, and the existence of a nutritional requirement for bicarbonate at high temperatures.

Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Javelle ◽  
Descartes Li ◽  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Sheri L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Tryptophan ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract. Emotion-related impulsivity, defined as the tendency to say or do things that one later regret during periods of heightened emotion, has been tied to a broad range of psychopathologies. Previous work has suggested that emotion-related impulsivity is tied to an impaired function of the serotonergic system. Central serotonin synthesis relies on the intake of the essential amino acid, tryptophan and its ability to pass through the blood brain barrier. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between emotion-related impulsivity and tryptophan intake. Methods: Undergraduate participants (N = 25, 16 women, 9 men) completed a self-rated measure of impulsivity (Three Factor Impulsivity Index, TFI) and daily logs of their food intake and exercise. These data were coded using the software NutriNote to evaluate intakes of tryptophan, large neutral amino acids, vitamins B6/B12, and exercise. Results: Correlational analyses indicated that higher tryptophan intake was associated with significantly lower scores on two out of three subscales of the TFI, Pervasive Influence of Feelings scores r =  –.502, p < . 010, and (lack-of) Follow-Through scores, r =  –.407, p < . 050. Conclusion: Findings provide further evidence that emotion-related impulsivity is correlated to serotonergic indices, even when considering only food habits. It also suggests the need for more research on whether tryptophan supplements might be beneficial for impulsive persons suffering from a psychological disorder.

Gastrointestinal Interaction between Dietary Amino Acids and Gut Microbiota: With Special Emphasis on Host Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abedin Abdallah ◽  
Evera Elemba ◽  
Qingzhen Zhong ◽  
Zewei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals is host to a complex community of different microorganisms whose activities significantly influence host nutrition and health through enhanced metabolic capabilities, protection against pathogens, and regulation of the gastrointestinal development and immune system. New molecular technologies and concepts have revealed distinct interactions between the gut microbiota and dietary amino acids (AAs) especially in relation to AA metabolism and utilization in resident bacteria in the digestive tract, and these interactions may play significant roles in host nutrition and health as well as the efficiency of dietary AA supplementation. After the protein is digested and AAs and peptides are absorbed in the small intestine, significant levels of endogenous and exogenous nitrogenous compounds enter the large intestine through the ileocaecal junction. Once they move in the colonic lumen, these compounds are not markedly absorbed by the large intestinal mucosa, but undergo intense proteolysis by colonic microbiota leading to the release of peptides and AAs and result in the production of numerous bacterial metabolites such as ammonia, amines, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), hydrogen sulfide, organic acids, and phenols. These metabolites influence various signaling pathways in epithelial cells, regulate the mucosal immune system in the host, and modulate gene expression of bacteria which results in the synthesis of enzymes associated with AA metabolism. This review aims to summarize the current literature relating to how the interactions between dietary amino acids and gut microbiota may promote host nutrition and health.

Important impacts of intestinal bacteria on utilization of dietary amino acids in pigs

Amino Acids ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2489-2501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xiang Yang ◽  
Zhao-Lai Dai ◽  
Wei-Yun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Dietary Amino Acids

Food Intake Regulation: Amino Acid Toxicity and Changes in Rat Brain and Plasma Amino Acids

1973 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Peng ◽  
J. Gubin ◽  
A. E. Harper ◽  
M. G. Vavich ◽  
A. R. Kemmerer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Acid Toxicity ◽  
Intake Regulation
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