An Indication of Underwater Sound Production by Squid

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 199 (4890) ◽  
pp. 250-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT T. S. IVERSEN ◽  
PAUL J. PERKINS ◽  
Richard D. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Underwater Sound

Relationship of swim-bladder shape to the directionality pattern of underwater sound in the oyster toadfish

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Barimo ◽  
Michael L Fine
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
York River ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Source Level ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Relationship Of

The swim bladder of the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau, has a distinctive heart shape with two anterior protrusions separated by a midline cleft. The lateral surfaces contain intrinsic muscles that meet at the caudal midline, but the rostromedial surface is muscle-free. We hypothesize that swim-bladder design represents a compromise between opposing tendencies toward (i) an omnidirectional sound source that would optimize a male's opportunity to attract females from any direction, and (ii) a directional sound source that would shield the nearby ears during sound production. To determine if the directionality of toadfish sound is consistent with this hypothesis, boatwhistle advertisement calls of individually identified males were recorded in the York River, Virginia, by means of two calibrated hydrophones and a waterproof recording system: one hydrophone was fixed 1 m in front of the fish and the second was roving. Boatwhistles in the horizontal plane propagated in a modified omnidirectional pattern that was bilaterally symmetrical. The mean sound pressure was 126 dB re: 1 µPa at 0°. The sound pressure level decreased by approximately 1 dB at ±45°, after which levels increased to 180°, averaging 3-6 dB greater behind (mean 130 dB) than directly in front of the fish. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that sound energy is reduced at the fish's ears. The source level and fundamental frequency of the boatwhistle were highly stereotyped, with coefficients of variation averaging less than 1%, and duration was more variable, with a coefficient of variation of 8%. Grunt levels overlapped but were slightly lower than boatwhistle values.

scholarly journals Acoustic monitoring indicates a positive relationship between calling frequency and spawning in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W Montie ◽  
Matt Hoover ◽  
Chris Kehrer ◽  
Justin Yost ◽  
Karl Brenkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Spotted Seatrout ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Cynoscion Nebulosus ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Spawning Aggregations

Background: Fish sound production is widespread throughout many families. Agonistic and courtship behaviors are the most common reasons for fish sound production. Yet, there is still some debate on how sound production and spawning are correlated in many soniferous fish species. In the present study, our aim was to determine if a quantitative relationship exists between calling and egg deposition in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). This type of data is essential if scientists and managers plan to use acoustic metrics to identify spawning aggregations over large spatial scales and monitor reproductive activity over annual and decadal timeframes.Methods: Wild caught spotted seatrout were held in three laboratory tanks equipped with long-term acoustic loggers (i.e., DSG-Oceans) to record underwater sound throughout an entire, simulated reproductive season. Acoustic monitoring occurred from April 13 to December 19, 2012 for Tank 1 and from April 13 to November 21, 2012 for Tanks 2 and 3. DSG-Oceans were scheduled to record sound for 2 min every 20 min. We enumerated the number of calls, calculated the received sound pressure level (SPL in dB re 1 µPa; between 50 and 2000 Hz) of each 2 min ‘wav file’, and counted the number of eggs every morning in each tank.Results: Spotted seatrout produced three distinct call types characterized as “drums”, “grunts”, and “staccatos”. Spotted seatrout calling increased as the light cycle shifted from 13.5 to 14.5 h of light, and the temperature increased to 27.7oC. Calling began to decrease once the temperature fell below 27.7 oC, and the light cycle shifted to 12 h of light. These captive settings are similar to the amount of daylight and water temperatures observed during the summer, which is the primary spawning period of spotted seatrout. Spotted seatrout exhibited daily patterns of calling. Sound production began once the lights turned off, and calling reached maximum activity approximately 3 h later. Spawning occurred only on evenings in which spotted seatrout were calling. Significantly more calling and higher mean SPLs occurred on evenings in which spawning occurred as compared to evenings in which spawning did not occur. Spawning was more productive when spotted seatrout produced more calls. For all tanks, more calling and higher SPLs were associated with more eggs released by females.Discussion: The fact that more calling and higher SPLs were associated with spawns that were more productive indicates that acoustic metrics can provide quantitative information on spotted seatrout spawning in the wild. These findings will help us to identify spawning aggregations over large spatial scales and monitor the effects of noise pollution, water quality, and climatic changes on reproductive activity using acoustic technology.

scholarly journals Acoustic monitoring indicates a correlation between calling and spawning in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W. Montie ◽  
Matt Hoover ◽  
Christopher Kehrer ◽  
Justin Yost ◽  
Karl Brenkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Spotted Seatrout ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Cynoscion Nebulosus ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Passive Acoustics ◽  
Acoustic Signaling

BackgroundFish sound production is widespread throughout many families. Territorial displays and courtship are the most common reasons for fish sound production. Yet, there is still some questions on how acoustic signaling and reproduction are correlated in many sound-producing species. In the present study, our aim was to determine if a quantitative relationship exists between calling and egg deposition in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). This type of data is essential if passive acoustics is to be used to identify spawning aggregations over large spatial scales and monitor reproductive activity over annual and decadal timeframes.MethodsAcoustic recorders (i.e., DSG-Oceans) were placed in three laboratory tanks to record underwater sound over an entire, simulated reproductive season. We enumerated the number of calls, calculated the received sound pressure level, and counted the number of eggs every morning in each tank.ResultsSpotted seatrout produced three distinct call types characterized as “drums,” “grunts,” and “staccatos.” Spotted seatrout calling increased as the light cycle shifted from 13.5 to 14.5 h of light, and the temperature increased to 27.7 °C. Calling decreased once the temperature fell below 27.7 °C, and the light cycle shifted to 12 h of light. These temperature and light patterns followed the natural reproductive season observed in wild spotted seatrout in the Southeast United States. Spotted seatrout exhibited daily rhythms in calling. Acoustic signaling began once the lights turned off, and calling reached maximum activity approximately 3 h later. Eggs were released only on evenings in which spotted seatrout were calling. In all tanks, spotted seatrout were more likely to spawn when male fish called more frequently. A positive relationship between SPL and the number of eggs collected was found in Tanks 1 and 3.DiscussionOur findings indicate that acoustic metrics can predict spawning potential. These findings are important because plankton tows may not accurately reflect spawning locations since egg capture is likely affected by predator activity and water currents. Instead, passive acoustics could be used to monitor spotted seatrout reproduction. Future studies can use this captive study as a model to record the estuarine soundscape precisely over long time periods to better understand how human-made stressors (e.g., climate change, noise pollution, and chemical pollutants) may affect spawning patterns.

scholarly journals First attempt to use a remotely operated vehicle to observe soniferous fish behavior in the Gulf of Maine, Western Atlantic Ocean

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney A. Rountree ◽  
Francis Juanes
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Gulf Of Maine ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Fish Sounds ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Passive Acoustic

Abstract Underwater sound and video observations were made at noon, sunset, and midnight in sand, gravel, and boulder habitat in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, Gulf of Maine, USA in October 2001 using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Seventeen species of fish and squid were observed with clear habitat and time differences. Observations of feeding behavior, disturbance behavior, and both interspecific and intraspecific interactions provided numerous opportunities for potential sound production; however, sounds were recorded only during a single dive. Although high noise levels generated by the ROV and support ship may have masked some sounds, we conclude that fish sound production in the Gulf of Maine during the fall is uncommon. The recorded fish sounds are tentatively attributed to the cusk Brosme brosme. Cusk sounds consisted variously of isolated thumps, widely spaced thump trains, drumrolls, and their combinations. Frequency peaks were observed at 188, 539, and 1195 Hz. Use of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) as a passive acoustic observation platform was problematic due to high ROV self-noise and the ROV's inability to maintain a fixed position on the bottom without thruster power. Some fishes were clearly also disturbed by ROV noise, indicating a potential ROV sampling bias. Based on our observations, we suggest that new instruments incorporating both optic and passive acoustic technologies are needed to provide better tools for in situ behavioral studies of cusk and other fishes.

scholarly journals Acoustic monitoring indicates a positive relationship between calling frequency and spawning in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric W Montie ◽  
Matt Hoover ◽  
Chris Kehrer ◽  
Justin Yost ◽  
Karl Brenkert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Spotted Seatrout ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Cynoscion Nebulosus ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Spawning Aggregations

Background: Fish sound production is widespread throughout many families. Agonistic and courtship behaviors are the most common reasons for fish sound production. Yet, there is still some debate on how sound production and spawning are correlated in many soniferous fish species. In the present study, our aim was to determine if a quantitative relationship exists between calling and egg deposition in captive spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus). This type of data is essential if scientists and managers plan to use acoustic metrics to identify spawning aggregations over large spatial scales and monitor reproductive activity over annual and decadal timeframes.Methods: Wild caught spotted seatrout were held in three laboratory tanks equipped with long-term acoustic loggers (i.e., DSG-Oceans) to record underwater sound throughout an entire, simulated reproductive season. Acoustic monitoring occurred from April 13 to December 19, 2012 for Tank 1 and from April 13 to November 21, 2012 for Tanks 2 and 3. DSG-Oceans were scheduled to record sound for 2 min every 20 min. We enumerated the number of calls, calculated the received sound pressure level (SPL in dB re 1 µPa; between 50 and 2000 Hz) of each 2 min ‘wav file’, and counted the number of eggs every morning in each tank.Results: Spotted seatrout produced three distinct call types characterized as “drums”, “grunts”, and “staccatos”. Spotted seatrout calling increased as the light cycle shifted from 13.5 to 14.5 h of light, and the temperature increased to 27.7oC. Calling began to decrease once the temperature fell below 27.7 oC, and the light cycle shifted to 12 h of light. These captive settings are similar to the amount of daylight and water temperatures observed during the summer, which is the primary spawning period of spotted seatrout. Spotted seatrout exhibited daily patterns of calling. Sound production began once the lights turned off, and calling reached maximum activity approximately 3 h later. Spawning occurred only on evenings in which spotted seatrout were calling. Significantly more calling and higher mean SPLs occurred on evenings in which spawning occurred as compared to evenings in which spawning did not occur. Spawning was more productive when spotted seatrout produced more calls. For all tanks, more calling and higher SPLs were associated with more eggs released by females.Discussion: The fact that more calling and higher SPLs were associated with spawns that were more productive indicates that acoustic metrics can provide quantitative information on spotted seatrout spawning in the wild. These findings will help us to identify spawning aggregations over large spatial scales and monitor the effects of noise pollution, water quality, and climatic changes on reproductive activity using acoustic technology.

scholarly journals Underwater sound production varies within not between species in sympatric newts

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Hubáček ◽  
Monika Šugerková ◽  
Lumír Gvoždík
Keyword(s):  
Sound Production ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Lissotriton Vulgaris ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Ichthyosaura Alpestris

Sound production is a widespread phenomenon among animals. Effective sound use for mate or species recognition requires some acoustic differentiation at an individual or species level. Several species of caudate amphibians produce underwater sounds, but information about intra- and interspecific variation in their acoustic production is missing. We examined individual, sex, and species variation in underwater sound production in adults of two sympatric newt taxa, Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris. Individual newts produced simple low- (peak frequency = 7–8 kHz) and mid-high frequency (14–17 kHz) clicks, which greatly overlap between sexes and species. Individual differences explained about 40–50% of total variation in sound parameters. These results provide foundations for further studies on the mechanisms and eco-evolutionary consequences of underwater acoustics in newts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document