Radical Reactivity in the Initiation Reaction of the Polymerization of Styrene

Nature ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 162 (4127) ◽  
pp. 897-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. COOPER
Keyword(s):  
Radical Reactivity ◽  
Initiation Reaction

Recent advances in Minisci-type reactions and applications in organic synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wengui Wang ◽  
Shoufeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Radical Reactivity ◽  
Atom Loss ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Thermal Cleavage ◽  
Synthetic Chemist

Abstract:: Minisci-type reactions have become widely known as reactions that involve the addition of carbon-centered radicals to basic heteroarenes followed by formal hydrogen atom loss. While the originally developed protocols for radical generation remain in active use today, in recent years by a new array of radical generation strategies allow use of a wider variety of radical precursors that often operate under milder and more benign conditions. New transformations based on free radical reactivity are now available to a synthetic chemist looking to utilize a Minisci-type reaction. Radical-generation methods based on photoredox catalysis and electrochemistry, which utilize thermal cleavage or the in situ generation of reactive radical precursors, have become popular approaches. Our review will cover the remarkably literature that has appeared on this topic in recent 5 years, from 2015-01 to 2020-01, in an attempt to provide guidance to the synthetic chemist, on both the challenges that have been overcome and applications in organic synthesis.

scholarly journals Phenoxy radical reactivity of nucleic acids: practical implications for biotinylation

ChemBioChem ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Wilbanks ◽  
Brian Garcia ◽  
Shane Byrne ◽  
Peter Dedon ◽  
Louis Maher
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Phenoxy Radical ◽  
Radical Reactivity ◽  
Practical Implications

A PM3 versus AM1 and RHF versus UHF study of the radical reactivity of vinyl monomers

1994 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Djennane-Bousmaha ◽  
A. Boucekkine ◽  
R. Lissillour
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Monomers ◽  
Radical Reactivity

Hydroxyl free radical reactivity toward aqueous chlorinated phenols

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Zimbron ◽  
Kenneth F. Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Chlorinated Phenols ◽  
Radical Reactivity ◽  
Hydroxyl Free Radical

scholarly journals A complex control region of the mouse rRNA gene directs accurate initiation by RNA polymerase I.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Miller ◽  
J Tower ◽  
B Sollner-Webb
Keyword(s):  
Initiation Site ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Initiation Reaction ◽  
Polymerase I

To determine the size and location of the mouse rDNA promoter, we constructed systematic series of deletion mutants approaching the initiation site from the 5' and 3' directions. These templates were transcribed in vitro under various conditions with S-100 and whole-cell extracts. Surprisingly, the size of the rDNA region that determines the level of transcription differed markedly, depending on the reaction conditions. In both kinds of cell extracts, the apparent 5' border of the promoter was at residue ca. -27 under optimal transcription conditions, but as reaction conditions became less favorable, the 5' border moved progressively out to residues -35, -39, and -45. The complete promoter, however, extends considerably further, for under other nonoptimal conditions, we observed major effects of promoter domains extending in the 5' direction to positions ca. -100 and -140. In contrast, the apparent 3' border of the mouse rDNA promoter was at residue ca. +9 under all conditions examined. We also show that the subcloned rDNA region from -39 to +9 contains sufficient information to initiate accurately and that the region between +2 and +9 can influence the specificity of initiation. These data indicate that, although the polymerase I transcription factors recognize and accurately initiate with only the sequences downstream of residue -40, sequences extending out to residue -140 greatly favor the initiation reaction; presumably, this entire region is involved in rRNA transcription in vivo.

scholarly journals Free Radical Reactivity of a Phosphaalkene Explored Through Studies of Radical Isotopologues

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalangi Chandrasena ◽  
Kerim Samedov ◽  
Iain McKenzie ◽  
Mina Mozafari ◽  
Robert West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Reactivity

scholarly journals Intermolecular Aminoallylation of Alkenes Using Allyl-Oxyphthalimide Derivatives: A Case Study in Radical Polarity Effects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lardy ◽  
Valerie Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ethers ◽  
Group Transfer ◽  
Radical Reactivity ◽  
Radical Group ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
Polarity Effects

<div><div><div><p>A case study on the polarity effects of radical mediated intermolecular alkene aminoallylation is presented herein. This radical group transfer method pairs vinyl ethers with electronically deficient allyl-oxyphthalimide derivatives to give difunctionalized products while illustrating the guiding effects of polarity on this radical reactivity.</p></div></div></div>

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