Portland Cement Industry of the United States

ABSTRACTThe damage that the products of microorganism metabolism, in particular biogenic sulfuric acid, do to hardened concrete is known as concrete biodeterioration. These microorganisms, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are ubiquitous in the environment and they produce either hydrogen sulfide or sulfuric acid that can dissolve and disintegrate the concrete matrix. Their activity plays a very important function in the whole spectrum of degradation processes such as corrosion of reinforced metals and concrete.In Canada and in the northern part of the United States, concrete structure failures from concrete biodeterioration are less common than in the southern part of the United States and in Mexico, nevertheless, it is a serious and expensive problem in hydraulic structures and sewage collection systems, which rapidly deteriorate. Also, leaking sewage systems result in the loss of groundwater resources particularly important in this arid region. Almost every city in the Mexican-American border region, who’s combined population is more than 15 million people, faces this problem. The U.S. cities have made some provision to face these concrete structure problems, but the Mexican cities have made less effort. Additives and admixtures are used to improve the properties of the concrete; nonetheless, we have exposed here the importance of the factual composition of the Portland cement and concrete to mitigate concrete biodeterioration in the hydraulic structures and sewage collection systems.

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An Examination on the Effect of National Culture on Strategic Behavior and Financial Performance: Evidence from the Cement Industry in Morocco and the United States of America

Journal of Management Research ◽

10.5296/jmr.v6i1.4044 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

Khalid Ait Hammou ◽

Hasan Galib ◽

Jen Steiger ◽

Jihane Melloul

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Financial Performance ◽

National Culture ◽

United States Of America ◽

Strategic Behavior ◽

The United States ◽

Cement Industry

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Portland cement materials and industry in the United States

10.3133/b522 ◽

1913 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Portland Cement ◽

The United States

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Freeze–Thaw Durability and Salt Scaling Resistance Assessment of Portland Cement Concrete Composite Pavement

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/2290-10 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2290 (1) ◽

pp. 76-83

Author(s):

Mary Vancura ◽

Derek Tompkins ◽

Lev Khazanovich

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Portland Cement ◽

The United States ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Portland Cement Concrete ◽

Cement Concrete ◽

Capillary Suction ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Salt Scaling ◽

Scaling Resistance

The SHRP 2 R21 project on composite pavement investigated the durability of various mixtures of portland cement concrete (PCC) used in the construction of a two-layer composite PCC pavement. Project consultants in Europe, where composite PCC over PCC pavement was more common than in the United States, advised the R21 research team to consider using the CIF (capillary suction, internal damage, and freeze–thaw) standard of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems, and Structures (RILEM), Paris, rather than the familiar ASTM standards. As a result, the R21 project adopted the RILEM CIF standard to evaluate the freeze–thaw durability and salt scaling resistance of concretes. The research also explored a modified RILEM CIF test (using pure water instead of a sodium chloride solution in scaling tests) alongside the standard RILEM CIF tests. The paper describes this experience to expose other institutions and agencies in the United States to the RILEM standards for the freeze–thaw durability and salt scaling resistance testing of concretes.

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