X-ray Stimulation of Phosphorescence of Fused Silica

F. L. HOPWOOD; W. V. MAYNEORD

doi:10.1038/116098a0

Green manure effect on the ability of native and inoculated soil bacteria to mobilize zinc for wheat uptake (Triticum aestivum L.)

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/s11104-021-05078-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Costerousse ◽

Joel Quattrini ◽

Roman Grüter ◽

Emmanuel Frossard ◽

Cécile Thonar

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

X Ray ◽

Zn Uptake ◽

Native Soil ◽

Soil Zn ◽

Zn Availability ◽

Stimulation Of

Abstract Purpose Green manuring can increase the plant available fraction of zinc (Zn) in soil, making it a potential approach to increase wheat Zn concentrations and fight human Zn deficiency. We tested whether green manure increases the ability of both the native soil bacteria and inoculated Zn solubilizing bacteria (ZSB) to mobilize Zn. Methods Wheat was grown in a pot experiment with the following three factors (with or without); (i) clover addition; (ii) soil x-ray irradiation (i.e. elimination of the whole soil biota followed by re-inoculation with the native soil bacteria); and (iii) ZSB inoculation. The incorporation of clover in both the irradiated and the ZSB treatments allowed us to test green manure effects on the mobilization of Zn by indigenous soil bacteria as well as by inoculated strains. Results Inoculation with ZSB did neither increase soil Zn availability nor wheat Zn uptake. The highest soil Zn availabilities were found when clover was incorporated, particularly in the irradiated soils (containing only soil bacteria). This was partly associated with the stimulation of bacterial activity during the decomposition of the incorporated green manure. Conclusion The results support that the activity of soil bacteria is intimately involved in the mobilization of Zn following the incorporation of green manure.

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How to Insert Acupuncture Needles into the Subacromial Space through LI15

Journal of Acupuncture Research ◽

10.13045/jar.2021.00129 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 242-244

Author(s):

Kwang Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Rotator Cuff ◽

Acupuncture Point ◽

Supraspinatus Tendon ◽

Subacromial Space ◽

Rotator Cuff Disease ◽

Front Edge ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Acupuncture Needle ◽

X Ray ◽

Stimulation Of

LI15 is an important acupuncture point to treat shoulder pain. There are 4 needling methods for LI15 in the textbook; 1 method requires the insertion of the needle horizontally between the acromion and the great tuberosity of the humerus with the arm lowered for supraspinatus tendonitis. This method is also applicable for all conditions of rotator cuff disease, but it has not previously been described in detail. Providing X-ray scans and describing needle direction and depth of insertion will provide evidence for needling with the arm down as an effective stimulation of the subacromial space. Firstly, for this technique, with the arm raised, a concave point is located between the front edge of the acromion and the humerus, and the lower upper arm. Secondly, the acupuncture needle is inserted slightly posteriorly towards the supraspinous fossa, in the direction of the supraspinatus tendon and to a depth of 30-40 mm.

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Investigations of laser-induced damages in fused silica optics using x-ray laser interferometric microscopy

Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1063/1.3373696 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 107 (10) ◽

pp. 103103 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. Margarone ◽

B. Rus ◽

M. Kozlová ◽

J. Nejdl ◽

T. Mocek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fused Silica ◽

X Ray ◽

Laser Interferometric

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X-ray scattering by the fused silica surface etched by low-energy Ar ions

Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology ◽

10.3233/xst-190495 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 857-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.M. Barysheva ◽

N.I. Chkhalo ◽

M.N. Drozdov ◽

M.S. Mikhailenko ◽

A.E. Pestov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silica Surface ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Low Energy ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

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INVESTIGATION OF HORMETIC STIMULATION IN STRAWBERRY PLANTS USING IONIZING RADIATION

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps87-157 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1181-1192 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. C. SHEPPARD ◽

C. L. GIBB ◽

J. L. HAWKINS ◽

W. R. REMPHREY

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Field Trials ◽

Early Growth ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Significant Stimulation ◽

Low Levels ◽

The Individual ◽

Stimulation Of

Hormesis is the stimulation of growth by very low levels of inhibitors or stressors. This phenomenon may be useful in crops where the usual cultural factors have been optimized. The literature indicates that substantial stimulation of early growth of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) could be achieved by exposing transplants to low doses of ionizing radiation. Experiments were conducted to test the effectiveness and reliability of X rays as a hormetic agent. Plants of a day-neutral cultivar Hecker and of a June-bearing cultivar Glooscap were irradiated at 0.5–16 Gy and planted in pots. The plants were grown outdoors and growth was recorded each week. Significant stimulation above the controls in the number of trifoliate leaves occurred in the day-neutral cultivar. This effect persisted until the first phase of fruiting. No significant stimulatory effects were observed at any time in the June-bearing cultivar. Two field trials with a June-bearing cultivar Redcoat, irradiated at doses of 0.5 and 2 Gy, also revealed no significant stimulation. The dominant factor regulating early growth was the size of the individual transplants. Therefore, although hormetic stimulation may occur, it will be difficult to quantify and optimize and it will not likely be useful for practical application.Key words: X ray, transplant, day-neutral, June-bearing

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HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS OF CALCIUM HYDROSILICATES

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr34-109 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 520-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. A. Vigfusson ◽

G. N. Bates ◽

T. Thorvaldson

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽

Silica Gel ◽

Fused Silica ◽

Steam Treatment ◽

Crystalline Substance ◽

Water Mixture ◽

Glycerol Water ◽

X Ray ◽

Lime Water ◽

Calcium Hydrosilicate

A crystalline substance which appears in steam-cured Portland cement mortar has been shown to be a calcium hydrosilicate and has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis from mixtures of silica sand with lime, dicalcium silicate and tricalcium silicate, silica gel and lime (after preliminary steam treatment and ignition) and by the action of saturated lime water on quartz crystals or fused silica plates. The crystals appear not to be acted on by solutions of sodium sulphate, calcium sulphate or alkali hydroxides, but they are slowly decomposed by solutions of magnesium sulphate and alkali carbonates and rapidly by dilute acids and ammonium salts. The crystals were obtained free from amorphous matter by growing them on quartz or silica plates in saturated lime water. When the compound was prepared in this way, the lime-silica-water ratio was found to be 2:1:1, the formula being therefore 2CaO∙SiO2∙H2O or H2Ca2SiO5. This product usually appears as thin lath-like prisms showing parallel extinction, positive elongation and moderate birefringence. The crystals are optically positive with a fairly large optic angle. 2V = 68°. The indices of refraction are αNa = 1.614 ±.002, βNa = 1.620 ±.002, γNa = 1.633 ±.002. The optical plane is parallel to the macropinacoid (100) and the acute bisectrix Z is parallel to the direction of elongation which is taken as the crystallographic axis C. The optical properties and X-ray pattern are distinctive and entirely different from those of hillebrandite or foshagite, which have the same composition.Another crystalline calcium hydrosilicate was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis from excess lime and silica gel. This appeared as very small needle-like prisms, observable only when magnified about 200 times. The crystals show parallel extinction, positive elongation and very low birefringence with an index of refraction of 1.597 ±.003. Analysis of this product, extracted with a glycerol-water mixture to remove excess lime, gave a lime-silica ratio of 2 to 1 with an uncertain amount of water of at least one mole. The X-ray pattern is distinctive and shows only slight similarity to the hillebrandite pattern.

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Fused silica segments: a possible solution for x-ray telescopes with very high angular resolution like Lynx/XRS

Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy VIII ◽

10.1117/12.2275228 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Bianca Salmaso ◽

Stefano Basso ◽

Marta M. Civitani ◽

Mauro Ghigo ◽

Joanna Holyszko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angular Resolution ◽

Fused Silica ◽

High Angular Resolution ◽

X Ray ◽

Very High

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Dietary calcium and phosphate restriction in guinea-pigs during pregnancy: fetal mineralization induces maternal hypocalcaemia despite increased 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711450000180x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 495-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katrien Rummens ◽

Erik Van Herck ◽

Rita van Bree ◽

Roger Bouillon ◽

F. André Van Assche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Whole Body ◽

Hydroxylase Activity ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Stimulation Of

Guinea-pig fetuses at term are mineralized to a degree comparable with human fetuses, which makes the guinea-pig an attractive animal model to study maternal–fetal interactions with regard to Ca and phosphate (P) homeostasis. We studied non-pregnant and pregnant (day 57) vitamin D-replete guinea-pigs, fed either a normal guinea-pig chow with 9·6 g Ca/kg and 4·9 g P/kg or a study diet with 2 g Ca/kg and 1 g P/kg (low-Ca–P diet) for 7–8 weeks. Both pregnancy and the low-Ca–P diet decreased plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3), but increased total and free 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), strongly suggesting an additive stimulation of 1α-hydroxylase activity. Maternal and fetal 25(OH)D3and 1,25(OH)2D3levels were highly correlated (r0·82 and 0·92 respectively, P<0·001). Dual-energy absorption X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed that both pregnancy and the low-Ca–P diet decreased bone mineral density (BMD) of the maternal femur, particularly at the distal metaphysis. Despite higher 1,25(OH)2D3concentrations and lower BMD, pregnant animals on the low-Ca–P diet were hypocalcaemic; blood Ca2+levels were inversely correlated with the number of fetuses in this group (r-0·93, P<0·001). Fetal growth as well as mineralization (assessed by whole-body and femoral DXA, bone histomorphometry and plasma–bone osteocalcin measurements) were unaltered in the low-Ca–P group. In conclusion, fetal mineralization proceeds normally but induces maternal hypocalcaemia in guinea-pigs with dietary restriction of Ca and P.

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