scholarly journals Exploration of the South Polar Regions

Nature ◽  
1872 ◽  
Vol 7 (165) ◽  
pp. 138-140
Keyword(s):  
Polar Regions ◽  
The South ◽  
South Polar

The Royal Society and the Antarctic

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The South ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Geomagnetic Survey ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
South Polar

Beginning with its dispatch of Halley on his geomagnetic cruise of 1699 to 1700, the Royal Society has played a sporadic, ad hoc, but nevertheless considerable role in the scientific investigation of the South Polar regions. In three ventures—Ross's geomagnetic survey of 1839 to 1843, the first Scott expedition of 1901 to 1904 and the British contribution to the International Geophysical Year of 1957 to 1958—it made major contributions to the planning and support of Antarctic scientific programmes. Throughout, it has given backing to polar expeditions but has been consistent in putting science before geographical discovery. It has numbered some 20 Antarctic scientists among its Fellows.

scholarly journals The Energy Budget of the Polar Atmosphere in MERRA

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Cullather ◽  
Michael G. Bosilovich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
The South ◽  
Atmospheric Energy ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Energy Convergence ◽  
South Polar

Abstract Components of the atmospheric energy budget from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) are evaluated in polar regions for the period 1979–2005 and compared with previous estimates, in situ observations, and contemporary reanalyses. Closure of the budget is reflected by the analysis increments term, which indicates an energy surplus of 11 W m−2 over the North Polar cap (70°–90°N) and 22 W m−2 over the South Polar cap (70°–90°S). Total atmospheric energy convergence from MERRA compares favorably with previous studies for northern high latitudes but exceeds the available previous estimate for the South Polar cap by 46%. Discrepancies with the Southern Hemisphere energy transport are largest in autumn and may be related to differences in topography with earlier reanalyses. For the Arctic, differences between MERRA and other sources in top of atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiative fluxes are largest in May. These differences are concurrent with the largest discrepancies between MERRA parameterized and observed surface albedo. For May, in situ observations of the upwelling shortwave flux in the Arctic are 80 W m−2 larger than MERRA, while the MERRA downwelling longwave flux is underestimated by 12 W m−2 throughout the year. Over grounded ice sheets, the annual mean net surface energy flux in MERRA is erroneously nonzero. Contemporary reanalyses from the Climate Forecast Center (CFSR) and the Interim Re-Analyses of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-I) are found to have better surface parameterizations; however, these reanalyses also disagree with observed surface and TOA energy fluxes. Discrepancies among available reanalyses underscore the challenge of reproducing credible estimates of the atmospheric energy budget in polar regions.

Cosmic Ray and Solar Particle Investigations Over the South Polar Regions of the Sun

Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5213) ◽  
pp. 1019-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Simpson ◽  
J. J. Connell ◽  
C. Lopate ◽  
R. B. McKibben ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
Solar Particle ◽  
South Polar

The Antarctic Settlement of 1959

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Hayton
Keyword(s):  
Daily Basis ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The South ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Normal Manner ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Geophysical ◽  
South Polar

The Antarctic is no longer the virtual unknown of story and legend. Though it will undoubtedly remain a frontier—as much of Alaska has remained a frontier—one consequence of the International Geophysical Year is that policy and operational affairs of the South Polar Regions have gradually become almost “orthodox,” that is, handled on a daily basis by government officials and institutions in the near-normal manner of dealing with any matter in modern bureaucracy and research.

Spectral characteristics and formation of high-altitude haze in the south-polar regions of Saturn

Icarus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 436-444
Author(s):  
Sang Joon Kim ◽  
C.K. Sim ◽  
Tom S. Stallard ◽  
Régis Courtin
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The South ◽  
South Polar
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