The impact of word prevalence on lexical decision times: Evidence from the Dutch Lexicon Project 2.

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Brysbaert ◽  
Michaël Stevens ◽  
Paweł Mandera ◽  
Emmanuel Keuleers
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decision Times

Homography and Polysemy as Factors in Bilingual Word Recognition

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Klein ◽  
Estelle Ann Doctor
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Interlingual Homographs ◽  
Decision Times

This study reports an experiment which examines semantic representation in lexical decisions as a source of interconnection between words in bilingual memory. Lexical decision times were compared for interlingual polysemes such as HAND which share spelling and meaning in both languages, and interlingual homographs such as KIND which share spelling but not meaning. The main result was faster “response times for polysemes than for interlingual homographs. Current theories of monolingual word recognition and bilingual semantic representation are discussed, and the findings are accommodated within the model of bilingual word recognition proposed by Doctor and Klein.

scholarly journals Predictors of second language English lexical recognition: Further insights from a large database of second language lexical decision times

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Skalicky ◽  
Scott Crossley ◽  
Cynthia M. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
English Learning ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Contextual Diversity ◽  
Orthographic Similarity ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Decision Times

In this study we analyze a large database of lexical decision times for English content words made by speakers of English as an additional language residing in the United States. Our first goal was to test whether the use of statistical measures better able to model variation associated with participants and items would replicate findings of a previous analysis of this data (Berger, Crossley, & Skalicky, 2019). Our second goal was to determine whether variables related to experiences using and learning English would interact with linguistic features of the target words. Results from our statistical analysis suggest affirmative answers to both of these questions. First, our results included significant effects for linguistic features related to contextual diversity and contextual distinctiveness, providing a replication of findings from the original study in that words appearing in more textual and lexical contexts were responded to quicker. Second, a measure of length of English learning and a measure of daily English use interacted with a measure of orthographic similarity. Our study provides further evidence regarding how a large, crowdsourced database can be used to obtain a better understanding of second language lexical recognition behavior and provides suggestions for further research.

The impact of consonant–vowel transpositions on masked priming effects in Italian and English

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-198
Author(s):  
Lucia Colombo ◽  
Giacomo Spinelli ◽  
Stephen J Lupker
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Orthographic Coding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Orthographic Code

There are now a number of reports in the literature that transposed letter (TL) priming effects emerge when two consonants are transposed (e.g., caniso-CASINO) but not when two vowels are transposed (e.g., cinaso-CASINO). In the present article, four masked priming lexical decision experiments, two in Italian and two in English, are reported in which TL priming effects involving the transposition of two adjacent consonants (e.g., atnenna-ANTENNA) were contrasted with those involving the transposition of a vowel and an adjacent consonant (e.g., anetnna-ANTENNA), a contrast not directly examined in the previous literature. In none of the experiments was there any indication that the priming effects were different sizes for the two types of transpositions, including Experiment 4 in which a sandwich priming paradigm was used. These results support the assumption of most orthographic coding models that the consonant–vowel status of the letters is not relevant to the nature of the orthographic code. The question of how to reconcile these results with other TL manipulations investigating vowel versus consonant transpositions is discussed.

Well‐being and the accessibility of pleasant and unpleasant concepts

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Borkenau ◽  
Nadine Mauer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Related Concept ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Negative Trait ◽  
Decision Times

The trait–congruency hypothesis predicts that persons high in positive or negative trait affect more readily process pleasant or unpleasant stimuli, respectively. In two studies, participants were administered measures of personality and affect. Moreover, a yes/no lexical decision task with pleasant, unpleasant and neutral words was administered in Study 1, whereas a go/no‐go task was used in Study 2. Several methods to increase reliabilities of differences in reaction times are explored. Correlations of measures of personality and trait affect with decision times were mostly consistent with the trait–congruency hypothesis, particularly for decision times in the go/no‐go task that measured individual differences in valence‐specific decision times more reliably. The findings suggest that trait‐related concept accessibility is one source of trait congruity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals The use of film subtitles to estimate word frequencies

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
BORIS NEW ◽  
MARC BRYSBAERT ◽  
JEAN VERONIS ◽  
CHRISTOPHE PALLIER
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
French Words ◽  
Word Frequencies ◽  
Decision Times ◽  
Text Writing

We examine the use of film subtitles as an approximation of word frequencies in human interactions. Because subtitle files are widely available on the Internet, they may present a fast and easy way to obtain word frequency measures in language registers other than text writing. We compiled a corpus of 52 million French words, coming from a variety of films. Frequency measures based on this corpus compared well to other spoken and written frequency measures, and explained variance in lexical decision times in addition to what is accounted for by the available French written frequency measures.

Working Memory Capacity and Individual Differences in the Making of Reinstatement and Elaborative Inferences

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Barreyro ◽  
Jazmín Cevasco ◽  
Débora Burín ◽  
Carlos Molinari Marotto
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Reading Span ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Decision Times ◽  
Target Words

This study investigated the role of working memory capacity on the making of reinstatement and causal elaborative inferences during the reading of natural texts. In order to determine participants' working memory capacity, they were asked to take the reading span task before they took part in the study. Those participants that were identified as high or low working memory capacity readers were asked to perform a lexical decision task in two conditions: pre-inference and inference. In the pre-inference condition, target words representing reinstatement or causal elaborative inferences were presented immediately before the sentences that were predicted to prompt them. In the inference condition, the target words were presented immediately after the sentences that were predicted to prompt the inferences. Results indicated that, for the high working memory capacity readers, lexical decision times were faster at the inference compared to the pre-inference locations for both types of inferences. In the case of low working capacity readers, lexical decision times were faster at the inference compared to the pre-inference locations only for reinstatement inferences. These findings suggest that working memory capacity plays a role in the making of causal inferences during the comprehension of natural texts.

scholarly journals Affective Valence of Words Differentially Affects Visual and Auditory Word Recognition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanji Gao ◽  
Svetlana V. Shinkareva ◽  
Marius Peelen
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Asymmetric Effect ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Auditory Lexical Decision ◽  
Auditory Word ◽  
Auditory Word Recognition ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Decision Times

Recognizing written or spoken words involves a sequence of processing stages, transforming sensory features into lexical-semantic representations. While the later processing stages are common across modalities, the initial stages are modality-specific. In the visual modality, previous studies have shown that words with positive valence are recognized faster than neutral words. Here, we examined whether the effects of valence on word recognition are specific to the visual modality or are common across visual and auditory modalities. To address this question, we analyzed multiple large databases of visual and auditory lexical decision tasks, relating the valence of words to lexical decision times while controlling for a large number of variables, including arousal and frequency. We found that valence differentially influenced visual and auditory word recognition. Valence had an asymmetric effect on visual lexical decision times, primarily speeding up recognition of positive words. By contrast, valence had a symmetric effect on auditory lexical decision times, with both negative and positive words speeding up word recognition relative to neutral words. The modality-specificity of valence effects were consistent across databases and were observed when the same set of words were compared across modalities. We interpret these findings as indicating that valence influences word recognition partly at the sensory-perceptual stage. We relate these effects to the effects of positive (reward) and negative (punishment) reinforcers on perception.

On the limits of familiarity accounts in lexical decision: The case of repetition effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383
Author(s):  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Ana Marcet ◽  
Marta Vergara-Martínez ◽  
Pablo Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Episodic Retrieval ◽  
Repetition Effects ◽  
Repeated Item ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Initial Block ◽  
The Impact

Recent modelling accounts of the lexical decision task have suggested that the reading system performs evidence accumulation to carry out some functions. Evidence accumulation models have been very successful in accounting for effects in the lexical decision task, including the dissociation of repetition effects for words and nonwords (facilitative for words but inhibitory for nonwords). The familiarity of a repeated item triggers its recognition, which facilitates ‘word’ responses but hampers nonword rejection. However, reports of facilitative repetition effects for nonwords with several repetitions in short blocks challenge this hypothesis and favour models based on episodic retrieval. To shed light on the nature of the repetition effects for nonwords in lexical decision, we conducted four experiments to examine the impact of extra-lexical source of information—we induced the use of episodic retrieval traces via instructions and list composition. When the initial block was long, the repetition effect for nonwords was inhibitory, regardless of the instructions and list composition. However, the inhibitory effect was dramatically reduced when the initial block included two presentations of the stimuli and it was even facilitatory when the initial block was short. This composite pattern suggests that evidence accumulation models of lexical decision should take into account all sources of evidence—including episodic retrieval—during the process of lexical decision.

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