scholarly journals What I like is what I remember: Memory modulation and preferential choice.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Aka ◽  
Sudeep Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Preferential Choice ◽  
Memory Modulation

scholarly journals What I Like Is What I Remember: Memory Modulation and Preferential Choice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Aka ◽  
Sudeep Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Semantic Clustering ◽  
Temporal Clustering ◽  
Preferential Choice ◽  
Memory Modulation ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Computational Memory ◽  
Standard List

Memory is a crucial component of everyday decision making, yet little is known about how memory and choice processes interact, and whether or not established memory regularities persist during memory-based decision making. In this paper, we introduce a novel experimental paradigm to study the differences between memory processes at play in standard list recall versus in preferential choice. Using computational memory models, fit to data from two pre-registered experiments, we find that some established memory regularities (primacy, recency, semantic clustering) emerge in preferential choice, whereas others (temporal clustering) are significantly weakened relative to standard list recall. Notably, decision-relevant features, such as item desirability, play a stronger role in guiding retrieval in choice. Our results suggest memory processes differ across preferential choice and standard memory tasks, and that choice modulates memory by differentially activating decision-relevant features such as what we like.

Decoy effects in preferential choice across the adult life span

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Faust ◽  
Kristi S. Multhaup ◽  
Patricia A. Brooks ◽  
Sarah Frey ◽  
Blair Hicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Preferential Choice ◽  
Decoy Effects

scholarly journals Histamine receptors as drug target: Current and future therapeutics.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atteqa Jawad ◽  
Richa Kaushal ◽  
Muhammad Sohail ◽  
Amna Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Central Effects ◽  
Memory Modulation ◽  
Gastric Secretions

Histamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for central regulation of inflammatory reactions. Initial studies were done by Sir Henry Dale in 1993. Histamine acts on its four type of receptors. H1 and H2 are well-established with pharmacological status. H1 receptors are mainly linked with inflammatory responses and developed to mitigate the inflammatory symptoms. While H2 antagonists are established with their role in decreasing basal gastric secretions by decreasing the cyclic adenylyl mono phosphate (cAMP), thus used as therapy line for gastric ulcers. H3 being located centrally imparts its central effects in cognitive functions that are pain, sleep, and memory modulation of neurotransmitters release including, dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenalin and serotonin. H4 is discovered recently during cloning of H3 and found on immune related cells as, mast cells, T cells and dendrites. Experimental studies are helping in development of more pharmacologically worth drugs that can increase the quality of life.

scholarly journals A geometric framework for modeling dynamic decisions among arbitrarily many alternatives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Kvam
Keyword(s):  
Context Effects ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Stopping Rules ◽  
Decision Space ◽  
Geometric Framework ◽  
Continuous Response ◽  
Similarity Relations ◽  
Preferential Choice ◽  
Dynamic Decisions ◽  
Choice Set

Multiple-choice and continuous-response tasks pose a number of challenges for models of the decision process, from empirical challenges like context effects to computational demands imposed by choice sets with a large number of outcomes. This paper develops a general framework for constructing models of the cognitive processes underlying both inferential and preferential choice among any arbitrarily large number of alternatives. This geometric approach represents the alternatives in a choice set along with a decision maker's beliefs or preferences in a ``decision space,'' simultaneously capturing the support for different alternatives along with the similarity relations between the alternatives in the choice set. Support for the alternatives (represented as vectors) shifts over time according to the dynamics of the belief / preference state (represented as a point) until a stopping rule is met (state crosses a hyperplane) and the corresponding selection is made. I review stopping rules that guarantee optimality in multi-alternative inferential choice, minimizing response time for a desired level of accuracy, as well as methods for constructing the decision space, which can result in context effects when applied to preferential choice.

scholarly journals Subjective Values Theory: The Psychology of Value and Preferential Choice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Cohen ◽  
Amanda R. Cromley ◽  
Katelyn E. Freda ◽  
Madeline White
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Decision Mechanism ◽  
Preferential Choice ◽  
Social Decisions

Here, we proposed Subjective Values Theory, a theory of the perception of value, andhow that perception drives preferential choice. Utility Theory, Prospect Theory, and traditional implementations of sequential sampling theory derive value from observers’ preferential choices. Subjective Values Theory goes beyond these theories by (a) precisely defining and measuring value independent of preferential choice, and (b) using these independent measurements of value to a priori predict preferential choice. We instantiate the decision mechanism proposed by Subjective Values Theory in a new Robust Random Walk (RRW) procedure. We evaluate the validity of Subjective Values Theory and the RRW in six experiments that measure the value of human lives and predict participants’ RTs and preferential choices in complex social decisions. In these experiments, we demonstrate that the process of perceiving Psychological Value is the same for objects and human lives, social status influences the perceived Psychological Value of a human life, and quantity has little or no influence on the perceived Psychological Value of human lives or objects. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to decision theory, behavioral economics, and the psychology of morality.

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