Visual-perceptual training with acquisition of the observed motor pattern contributes to greater improvement of visual anticipation.

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342
Author(s):  
John Brenton ◽  
Sean Müller ◽  
Alasdair Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Perceptual Training

On the Relationship Between General Auditory Sensitivity and Speech Perception: An Examination of Pitch and Lexical Tone Perception in 4- to 6-Year-Old Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Puisan Wong ◽  
Man Wai Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Auditory Sensitivity ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Perceptual Training ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Tone Perception ◽  
Tone Discrimination

Purpose Theoretical models and substantial research have proposed that general auditory sensitivity is a developmental foundation for speech perception and language acquisition. Nonetheless, controversies exist about the effectiveness of general auditory training in improving speech and language skills. This research investigated the relationships among general auditory sensitivity, phonemic speech perception, and word-level speech perception via the examination of pitch and lexical tone perception in children. Method Forty-eight typically developing 4- to 6-year-old Cantonese-speaking children were tested on the discrimination of the pitch patterns of lexical tones in synthetic stimuli, discrimination of naturally produced lexical tones, and identification of lexical tone in familiar words. Results The findings revealed that accurate lexical tone discrimination and identification did not necessarily entail the accurate discrimination of nonlinguistic stimuli that followed the pitch levels and pitch shapes of lexical tones. Although pitch discrimination and tone discrimination abilities were strongly correlated, accuracy in pitch discrimination was lower than that in tone discrimination, and nonspeech pitch discrimination ability did not precede linguistic tone discrimination in the developmental trajectory. Conclusions Contradicting the theoretical models, the findings of this study suggest that general auditory sensitivity and speech perception may not be causally or hierarchically related. The finding that accuracy in pitch discrimination is lower than that in tone discrimination suggests that comparable nonlinguistic auditory perceptual ability may not be necessary for accurate speech perception and language learning. The results cast doubt on the use of nonlinguistic auditory perceptual training to improve children's speech, language, and literacy abilities.

Slow active potentials and bursting motor patterns in pyloric network of the lobster, Panulirus interruptus

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 914-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Russell ◽  
D. K. Hartline
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Plateau Potentials ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Panulirus Interruptus ◽  
Pyloric Network ◽  
Current Pulses ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
High Level

1. Neurons in the central pattern generator for the "pyloric" motor rhythm of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion were investigated for the possible involvement of regenerative membrane properties in their membrane-potential oscillations and bursting output patterns. 2. Evidence was found that each class of pyloric-system neurons can possess a capability for generating prolonged regenerative depolarizations by a voltage-dependent membrane mechanism. Such responses have been termed plateau potentials. 3. Several tests were applied to determine whether a given cell possessed a plateau capability. First among these was the ability to trigger all-or-none bursts of nerve impulses by brief depolarizing current pulses and to terminate bursts in an all-or-none fashion with brief hyperpolarizing current pulses. Tests were made under conditions of a high level of activity in the pyloric generator, often in conjunction with the use of hyperpolarizing offsets to the cell under test to suppress ongoing bursting. 4. For each class, the network of synaptic interconnections among the pyloric-system neurons was shown to not be the cause of the regenerative responses observed. 5. Plateau potentials are viewed as a driving force for axon spiking during bursts and as interacting with the synaptic network in the formation of the pyloric motor pattern.

Motor pattern of periodic limb movements during sleep

Neurology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Provini ◽  
R. Vetrugno ◽  
S. Meletti ◽  
G. Plazzi ◽  
L. Solieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Periodic Limb Movements ◽  
Limb Movements

II. Excitatory amino acid receptors in the brain-gut axis

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. G1055-G1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. Hornby
Keyword(s):  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Excitatory Amino Acid ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Dorsal Vagal Complex ◽  
Gastric Accommodation ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The Brain

In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in academic and pharmaceutical interest in central integration of vago-vagal reflexes controlling the gastrointestinal tract. Associated with this, there have been substantial efforts to determine the receptor-mediated events in the dorsal vagal complex that underlie the physiological responses to distension or variations in the composition of the gut contents. Strong evidence supports the idea that glutamate is a transmitter in afferent vagal fibers conveying information from the gut to the brain, and the implications of this are discussed in this themes article. Furthermore, both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors mediate pre- and postsynaptic control of glutamate transmission related to several reflexes, including swallowing motor pattern generation, gastric accommodation, and emesis. The emphasis of this themes article is on the potential therapeutic benefits afforded by modulation of these receptors at the site of the dorsal vagal complex.

Principles of rhythmic motor pattern generation

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Marder ◽  
R. L. Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Rhythmic Motor ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Motor Pattern Generation ◽  
Rhythmic Motor Pattern

Rhythmic movements are produced by central pattern-generating networks whose output is shaped by sensory and neuromodulatory inputs to allow the animal to adapt its movements to changing needs. This review discusses cellular, circuit, and computational analyses of the mechanisms underlying the generation of rhythmic movements in both invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems. Attention is paid to exploring the mechanisms by which synaptic and cellular processes interact to play specific roles in shaping motor patterns and, consequently, movement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document