Implications of youths’ perceptions of police bias and the code of the street for violent offending.

Anderson’s Code of the Street thesis suggests that stronger belief in, and adherence to, subcultural “street code” norms increases the risk of criminal and aggressive behaviors, particularly among adolescents and young adults in urban communities. This study uses a meta-analysis to assess the overall relationship between individual belief in the street code and risk of offending. Effect sizes ( n = 38) from 20 unique studies produced a weighted correlation ( r) of .11, indicating a belief in the street code had a positive association with offending across all studies. The effect is strongest for violent offending (.13) and among samples comprised of adolescents (.14), as predicted by Anderson’s theory. Even after accounting for competing theoretical and established correlates of offending, modest effects of street code beliefs on offending remained. These findings indicate that overall, the street code is a more general theory than Anderson originally predicted. Directions for future research on the code are discussed.

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Supplemental Material for Violent Offending Among Juveniles: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study of Recidivism, Desistance, and Associations With Mental Health

Law and Human Behavior ◽

10.1037/lhb0000241.supp ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Violent Offending

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The Effect of a Narrated Video of an Arrest on Civilians’ Perceptions of Police

10.31237/osf.io/kxv7e ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Clare Giaimo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Police Officers ◽

The United States ◽

Police Departments ◽

Perceptions Of Police

Trust of the police is at a 22-year low in the United States (Jones, 2015). Many police departments hold community discussions in an attempt to educate civilians and increase trust in the police (Star, 2017). This research explores whether an in depth, play-by-play explanation of force used during a video of a violent arrest can increase civilians’ perceptions of the police. Participants either watched a video of a violent arrest with narration or the same video with no narration. The narrator explained the tactics used by the police officers and how the tactics were used to avoid escalation of the violence during the arrest. After viewing one of the videos, both groups filled out the Perceptions of Police (POP) scale to indicate the participants’ feelings about the police. The type of video watched did not influence POP scores, however two interactions were significant. These results suggest that the police should focus on other methods of gaining the trust of Americans.

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Implementing Checklists to Improve Police Responses to Co-Victims of Gun Violence

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1177/1073110520979400 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (S4) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Samuel A. Kuhn ◽

Tracey L. Meares

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Gun Violence ◽

Police Departments ◽

Minority Communities ◽

Online Surveys ◽

Police Responses ◽

Police Personnel ◽

Perceptions Of Police ◽

Police Interactions ◽

Professional Contexts

This qualitative study identifies police interactions with gun violence co-victims as a crucial, overlooked component of police unresponsiveness, particularly in minority communities where perceptions of police illegitimacy and legal estrangement are relatively high. Gun violence co-victims in three cities participated in online surveys, in which they described pervasive disregard by police in the aftermath of their loved ones' shooting victimization. We build on the checklist model that has improved public safety outcomes in other complex, high-intensity professional contexts to propose a checklist for police detectives to follow in the aftermath of gun violence. To build the checklist, we also reviewed the general orders of five police departments to better understand what guidance, if any, is currently given to police personnel regarding how they should interact with gun violence victims.

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41.3 COULD CLOZAPINE REDUCE VIOLENT OFFENDING?

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sby014.171 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. S67-S67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vishal Bhavsar ◽

Kyriaki Kosidou ◽

Nicola Orsini ◽

Linnea Widman ◽

James MacCabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Violent Offending

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Examining the Coevolution of Drug Use Variety and Different Types of Offending Frequency Among Justice-Involved Adolescents

Journal of Drug Issues ◽

10.1177/00220426211002261 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002204262110022

Author(s):

Benjamin T. Kuettel

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Criminal Behavior ◽

General Pattern ◽

Past Research ◽

Criminal Offending ◽

Developmental Patterns ◽

Violent Offending ◽

Different Types ◽

Trajectory Models ◽

Frequent Offenders

Past research demonstrates a strong link between drug use and crime among justice-involved adolescents, yet little is known about the joint development between drug use variety and various types of criminal offending frequencies from adolescence to young adulthood. Using a sample of male adolescent offenders ( N = 842), this article examines the coevolution of drug use variety and three separate types of offending frequencies. First, four group-based trajectory models identify unique group developmental patterns for drug use variety, drug sales offending, property offending, and violent offending. Next, three dual-trajectory models examine the coevolution between drug use variety and each type of criminal offending. Findings reveal a general pattern of desistance for both drug use and offending, while also illustrating notable variability in group trajectory patterns for drug use variety and criminal behavior. This article concludes that adolescents with elevated drug use variety make up a large proportion of frequent offenders.

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Police Response to Burglary: Victims' Perceptions in Prague

International Journal of Police Science & Management ◽

10.1177/146135570200400201 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 87-100

Author(s):

R. I. Mawby ◽

I. Brabcová ◽

E. Koubová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Central And Eastern Europe ◽

Police Work ◽

Crime Victims ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Everyday Practices ◽

Perceptions Of Police ◽

Police System ◽

Police Practices

Police structures and everyday practices in Central and Eastern Europe have changed dramatically in recent years, but changes have varied both in terms of the countries involved and in terms of the particular feature of the police system under review. This paper focuses on one city, Prague, and considers the ways in which the police deal with crime victims, specifically victims of burglary. The findings are compared with an earlier study in Poland, Hungary, Germany and England. The police are the main agency with which burglary victims are involved, and the service they provide is important, not least because clear-up rates are low. It was, therefore, reassuring to find that victims were generally positive about the way the police dealt with their cases. This is very different from the situation in Poland, where victims were far more critical. However, those victims who were most affected or worried about crime were least positive, suggesting that there is a link between perceptions of police work and perceptions of the crime situation. A comparison between the Czech Republic and Poland also suggests that relatively minor changes to police practices may improve victims' experiences and thereby their evaluation of police work.

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