An investigation of training, schemas, and false recall of diagnostic features for mental disorders.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Foster ◽  
Christopher A. Webb ◽  
Jared W. Keeley ◽  
Deborah K. Eakin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
False Recall ◽  
Diagnostic Features

scholarly journals Is the Combination of ADOS and ADI-R Necessary to Classify ASD? Rethinking the “Gold Standard” in Diagnosing ASD

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Kamp-Becker ◽  
Johannes Tauscher ◽  
Nicole Wolff ◽  
Charlotte Küpper ◽  
Luise Poustka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Using Data

Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires extensive clinical expertise and training as well as a focus on differential diagnoses. The diagnostic process is particularly complex given symptom overlap with other mental disorders and high rates of co-occurring physical and mental health concerns. The aim of this study was to conduct a data-driven selection of the most relevant diagnostic information collected from a behavior observation and an anamnestic interview in two clinical samples of children/younger adolescents and adolescents/adults with suspected ASD. Via random forests, the present study discovered patterns of symptoms in the diagnostic data of 2310 participants (46% ASD, 54% non-ASD, age range 4–72 years) using data from the combined Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview—Revised (ADI-R) and ADOS data alone. Classifiers built on reduced subsets of diagnostic features yield satisfactory sensitivity and specificity values. For adolescents/adults specificity values were lower compared to those for children/younger adolescents. The models including ADOS and ADI-R data were mainly built on ADOS items and in the adolescent/adult sample the classifier including only ADOS items performed even better than the classifier including information from both instruments. Results suggest that reduced subsets of ADOS and ADI-R items may suffice to effectively differentiate ASD from other mental disorders. The imbalance of ADOS and ADI-R items included in the models leads to the assumption that, particularly in adolescents and adults, the ADI-R may play a lesser role than current behavior observations.

Exhibitionistic Disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
J. Paul Fedoroff
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Pharmacologic Treatments

Abstract: This chapter provides a brief description of the key diagnostic features of exhibitionistic disorder in addition to a historic review of changes in the criteria in the Fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases. This is followed by a review of the differential diagnosis and the ways in which the disorder can take different forms or be confused with other disorders. The recent scientific literature on the disorder is summarized. A description of recommended approaches to the assessment and treatment of this disorder, including differential diagnosis and psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic treatments, is presented.

scholarly journals Early detection of an atypical presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
P. Brittany Vickery ◽  
Lindsy Meadowcraft ◽  
Stephen B. Vickery
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽  
Dopamine Antagonist ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Neurologic Emergency ◽  
Rapid Conversion

Abstract Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is considered a neurologic emergency, is believed to be caused by exposure to dopamine antagonist or withdrawal from a dopamine agonist. This article reports a case of suspected atypical NMS in a patient following rapid conversion of ziprasidone to risperidone without titration. While the initial presentation did not fully meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, diagnostic features, a sequential treatment strategy was initiated and the patient appropriately responded to antipsychotic cessation in addition to combination therapy with dantrolene and bromocriptine. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis are discussed.

scholarly journals Psychoanalysis of the Doctrine of Acute Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Igor Klepikov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Physical Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Acute Pneumonia ◽  
Causes Of Errors ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Full Approval

It is difficult to predict how the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, would react to an attempt to link his theory and the method of treating mental disorders based on it [1] with such a purely physical disease as acute pneumonia (AP). It is unlikely that such an innovation could cause full approval and support. However, in this context, we are not talking about psychoanalysis as a therapeutic method for AP. In this case, only the diagnostic features of this technique are of interest. The essence of psychoanalysis, which is based on the search for the causes of the so-called echoes of the past, as well as the connection between conscious and unconscious phenomena, can be useful in order to understand the causes of errors and paradoxes that exist in solving the problem of AP. In other words, we are not talking about the nuances of the disease itself, but about the peculiarities of its nature, since the interpretation of the essence of AP determines the principles of treatment and the final results.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

Assessing Mental and Behavioral Disorder Impairment: Overview of Sixth Edition Approaches

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Norma Leclair ◽  
Steve Leclair ◽  
Robert Barth
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Chapter 14, Mental and Behavioral Disorders, in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, defines a process for assessing permanent impairment, including providing numeric ratings, for persons with specific mental and behavioral disorders. These mental disorders are limited to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders, and this chapter focuses on the evaluation of brain functioning and its effects on behavior in the absence of evident traumatic or disease-related objective central nervous system damage. This article poses and answers questions about the sixth edition. For example, this is the first since the second edition (1984) that provides a numeric impairment rating, and this edition establishes a standard, uniform template to translate human trauma or disease into a percentage of whole person impairment. Persons who conduct independent mental and behavioral evaluation using this chapter should be trained in psychiatry or psychology; other users should be experienced in psychiatric or psychological evaluations and should have expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioral disorders. The critical first step in determining a mental or behavioral impairment rating is to document the existence of a definitive diagnosis based on the current edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The article also enumerates the psychiatric disorders that are considered ratable in the sixth edition, addresses use of the sixth edition during independent medical evaluations, and answers additional questions.

When Mental Disorders Suspected, Tools Abound

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
KERRI WACHTER
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

Angststörungen – von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Timo D. Vloet ◽  
Marcel Romanos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Nach 12 Jahren Entwicklung wird die 11. Version der International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) im Januar 2022 in Kraft treten. Methodik: Im Rahmen eines selektiven Übersichtsartikels werden die Veränderungen im Hinblick auf die Klassifikation von Angststörungen von der ICD-10 zur ICD-11 zusammenfassend dargestellt. Ergebnis: Die diagnostischen Kriterien der generalisierten Angststörung, Agoraphobie und spezifischen Phobien werden angepasst. Die ICD-11 wird auf Basis einer Lebenszeitachse neu organisiert, sodass die kindesaltersspezifischen Kategorien der ICD-10 aufgelöst werden. Die Trennungsangststörung und der selektive Mutismus werden damit den „regulären“ Angststörungen zugeordnet und können zukünftig auch im Erwachsenenalter diagnostiziert werden. Neu ist ebenso, dass verschiedene Symptomdimensionen der Angst ohne kategoriale Diagnose verschlüsselt werden können. Diskussion: Die Veränderungen im Bereich der Angsterkrankungen umfassen verschiedene Aspekte und sind in der Gesamtschau nicht unerheblich. Positiv zu bewerten ist die Einführung einer Lebenszeitachse und Parallelisierung mit dem Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Schlussfolgerungen: Die entwicklungsbezogene Neuorganisation in der ICD-11 wird auch eine verstärkte längsschnittliche Betrachtung von Angststörungen in der Klinik sowie Forschung zur Folge haben. Damit rückt insbesondere die Präventionsforschung weiter in den Fokus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document