Preparation for Bias Measure

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Hagelskamp ◽  
Diane L. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Bias Measure

scholarly journals The development of a new generic risk-of-bias measure for systematic reviews of surveys

Methodology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-298
Author(s):  
Gabriel Nudelman ◽  
Kathleen Otto
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Interrater Agreement ◽  
Bias Measure ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Initial List

It is important to evaluate risk of bias of the primary studies included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Since tools pertinent to surveys are scarce, the goal of the current research was to develop a measure to address this need. In Study 1, an initial list of 10 relevant topics was compiled from previous measures. In Study 2, the list was refined into an eight-item risk-of-bias measure via discussion and a pilot study. In Study 3, experienced researchers used the measure to asses 70 studies, demonstrating high interrater agreement (weighted Kappa = .82). Inexperienced raters also utilized the measure to code 26 different studies included in a prior meta-analysis, which resulted in adequate interrater agreement (weighted Kappa = .64) and excellent convergent validity (r = .66). Thus, the new measure, designed to be accessible and flexible, can increase standardization of risk-of-bias evaluations and contribute to the interpretation of systematic reviews and meta-analytic findings.

Race Stereotype Bias Measure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer G. Cromley ◽  
Tony Perez ◽  
Theodore W. Wills ◽  
Jacqueline C. Tanaka ◽  
Erin McNamara Horvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bias Measure

Speech Misattribution Bias Measure

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stephane ◽  
M. Kuskowski ◽  
K. McClannahan ◽  
C. Surerus ◽  
K. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Bias Measure

scholarly journals Preliminary Examination of a Cartoon-Based Hostile Attributional Bias Measure for Urban African American Boys

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 332-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen S. Leff ◽  
Elizabeth K. Lefler ◽  
Gagan S. Khera ◽  
Brooke Paskewich ◽  
Abbas F. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Boys ◽  
Attributional Bias ◽  
Hostile Attributional Bias ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Bias Measure

scholarly journals “The Cuscus has White Teeth”: The Verbal Information Pathway to Fear in Non-clinically Anxious Children: No Influence of Ambiguous Information or Trait Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stefan Dalrymple-Alford
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Current View ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Ambiguous Information ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Bias Measure ◽  
Verbal Threat

<p>Twenty-nine non-clinically anxious children, aged 7-10 years old, completed the Fear Beliefs Questionnaire (FBQ; Field & Lawson, 2003) before and after the presentation of verbal ambiguous information about an unknown animal, while 32 similar children matched for trait anxiety did the same after hearing threat information. Behavioural avoidance of the animals was subsequently examined with an adaptation of the Nature Reserve Task (NRT; Field & Storksen-Coulson, 2007). Children also completed a Reduced Evidence of Danger interpretation bias task (Muris, Merckelbach & Damsma, 2000c) for ambiguous stories with generalised anxiety and social anxiety content, prior to the FBQ and NRT. Verbal threat information substantially increased FBQ ratings and NRT distance from the tagged animal, whereas ambiguous information had no effect on these measures other than a subset of children showing an avoidance of the tagged animal in the NRT. Contrary to expectations, level of trait anxiety was not related to interpretation biases, or the effect of ambiguous or threat information. In the threat group, but not the ambiguous group, two bias measures for generalised anxiety stories were associated with relative increase in FBQ ratings for the tagged animal, and a third bias measure for social anxiety stories was associated with NRT score. The associations held when controlling for gender, age, and trait anxiety, including trait anxiety used as a moderator variable. These findings support the view that verbal threat information is sufficient to induce fear of animals in children. Results are inconsistent with the current view that the effects of the verbal information pathway increase as a function of trait anxiety and that ambiguous verbal information can lead to increased fear responding. The evidence for bias – verbal threat associations suggests that future studies should examine their role in the verbal information pathway to fear and anxiety, and clarify the influence of various internalising and externalising psychopathologies beyond trait anxiety.</p>

Cartoon-Based Hostile Attributional Bias Measure

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen S. Leff ◽  
Nicki R. Crick ◽  
Jennifer Angelucci ◽  
Kisha Haye ◽  
Abbas F. Jawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attributional Bias ◽  
Hostile Attributional Bias ◽  
Bias Measure

Mediators of the Effects of Racial Shift on Racial Bias Measure

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Craig ◽  
Jennifer A. Richeson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Bias Measure

scholarly journals The Effects of Oncologist Implicit Racial Bias in Racially Discordant Oncology Interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (24) ◽  
pp. 2874-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Penner ◽  
John F. Dovidio ◽  
Richard Gonzalez ◽  
Terrance L. Albrecht ◽  
Robert Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Patient Perceptions ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Implicit Racial Bias ◽  
Treatment Disparities ◽  
Bias Measure

Purpose Health providers’ implicit racial bias negatively affects communication and patient reactions to many medical interactions. However, its effects on racially discordant oncology interactions are largely unknown. Thus, we examined whether oncologist implicit racial bias has similar effects in oncology interactions. We further investigated whether oncologist implicit bias negatively affects patients’ perceptions of recommended treatments (i.e., degree of confidence, expected difficulty). We predicted oncologist implicit bias would negatively affect communication, patient reactions to interactions, and, indirectly, patient perceptions of recommended treatments. Methods Participants were 18 non-black medical oncologists and 112 black patients. Oncologists completed an implicit racial bias measure several weeks before video-recorded treatment discussions with new patients. Observers rated oncologist communication and recorded interaction length of time and amount of time oncologists and patients spoke. Following interactions, patients answered questions about oncologists’ patient-centeredness and difficulty remembering contents of the interaction, distress, trust, and treatment perceptions. Results As predicted, oncologists higher in implicit racial bias had shorter interactions, and patients and observers rated these oncologists’ communication as less patient-centered and supportive. Higher implicit bias also was associated with more patient difficulty remembering contents of the interaction. In addition, oncologist implicit bias indirectly predicted less patient confidence in recommended treatments, and greater perceived difficulty completing them, through its impact on oncologists’ communication (as rated by both patients and observers). Conclusion Oncologist implicit racial bias is negatively associated with oncologist communication, patients’ reactions to racially discordant oncology interactions, and patient perceptions of recommended treatments. These perceptions could subsequently directly affect patient-treatment decisions. Thus, implicit racial bias is a likely source of racial treatment disparities and must be addressed in oncology training and practice.

scholarly journals When Alcohol Adverts Catch the Eye: A Psychometrically Reliable Dual-Probe Measure of Attentional Bias

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13263
Author(s):  
Sera Wiechert ◽  
Ben Grafton ◽  
Colin MacLeod ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Excellent Internal Consistency ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Initial Support ◽  
Bias Measure ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Dual Probe

Existing tasks assessing substance-related attentional biases are characterized by low internal consistency and test–retest reliability. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a novel dual-probe task to measure alcohol-related attentional bias. Undergraduate students were recruited in June 2019 (N = 63; final N = 57; mean age = 20.88, SD = 2.63, 67% females). In the dual-probe task, participants were presented with simultaneous visual streams of adverts promoting either alcoholic or non-alcoholic drinks, and probes were presented in both streams. The dual-probe task measured the percentage of accurately identified probes that appeared on alcohol adverts in relation to total accuracy. The dual-probe task displayed excellent split-half reliability (M = 0.90, SD = 0.11; α = 0.90; 95% CI [0.84, 0.93]), and the derived attentional bias measure was significantly positively associated with beer drinking in a taste-test (r (57) = 0.33, p = 0.013; 95% CI [0.07, 0.54]), with habitual drinking (r (57) = 0.27, p = 0.045; 95% CI [0.01, 0.49]), and with increased craving (r (57) = 0.29, p = 0.031; 95% CI [0.03, 0.51]). Thus, the dual-probe task assessed attentional bias with excellent internal consistency and was associated with laboratory and habitual drinking measures, demonstrating initial support for the task’s utility in addiction research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document