scholarly journals Clusters of trauma types as measured by the Life Events Checklist for DSM–5.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateka A. Contractor ◽  
Nicole H. Weiss ◽  
Prathiba Natesan Batley ◽  
Jon D. Elhai
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Trauma Types

scholarly journals Serious life events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the Norwegian population

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond Heir ◽  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Tine Grimholt ◽  
Øivind Ekeberg ◽  
Laila Skogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background It has been suggested that countries with more resources and better healthcare have populations with a higher risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Norway is a high-income country with good public healthcare. Aims To examine lifetime trauma exposure and the point prevalence of PTSD in the general Norwegian population. Method A survey was administered to a national probability sample of 5500 adults (aged ≥18 years). Of 4961 eligible individuals, 1792 responded (36%). Responders and non-responders did not differ significantly in age, gender or urban versus rural residence. Trauma exposure was measured using the Life Events Checklist for the DSM-5. PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5. We used the DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines to categorise participants as fulfilling the PTSD symptom criteria or not. Results At least one serious lifetime event was reported by 85% of men and 86% of women. The most common event categories were transportation accident and life-threatening illness or injury. The point prevalence of PTSD was 3.8% for men and 8.5% for women. The most common events causing PTSD were sexual and physical assaults, life-threatening illness or injury, and sudden violent deaths. Risk of PTSD increased proportionally with the number of event categories experienced. Conclusions High estimates of serious life events and correspondingly high rates of PTSD in the Norwegian population support the paradox that countries with more resources and better healthcare have higher risk of PTSD. Possible explanations are high expectations for a risk-free life and high attention to potential harmful mental health effects of serious life events. Declaration of interest None.

scholarly journals Depression is more than the sum score of its parts: individual DSM symptoms have different risk factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2067-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Fried ◽  
R. M. Nesse ◽  
K. Zivin ◽  
C. Guille ◽  
S. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Childhood Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Sum Scores

BackgroundFor diagnostic purposes, the nine symptoms that compose the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are assumed to be interchangeable indicators of one underlying disorder, implying that they should all have similar risk factors. The present study investigates this hypothesis, using a population cohort that shifts from low to elevated depression levels.MethodWe assessed the nine DSM-5 MDD criterion symptoms (using the Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9) and seven depression risk factors (personal and family MDD history, sex, childhood stress, neuroticism, work hours, and stressful life events) in a longitudinal study of medical interns prior to and throughout internship (n = 1289). We tested whether risk factors varied across symptoms, and whether a latent disease model could account for heterogeneity between symptoms.ResultsAll MDD symptoms increased significantly during residency training. Four risk factors predicted increases in unique subsets of PHQ-9 symptoms over time (depression history, childhood stress, sex, and stressful life events), whereas neuroticism and work hours predicted increases in all symptoms, albeit to varying magnitudes. MDD family history did not predict increases in any symptom. The strong heterogeneity of associations persisted after controlling for a latent depression factor.ConclusionsThe influence of risk factors varies substantially across DSM depression criterion symptoms. As symptoms are etiologically heterogeneous, considering individual symptoms in addition to depression diagnosis might offer important insights obfuscated by symptom sum scores.

scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in People with Visual Impairment Compared with the General Population

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Audun Brunes ◽  
Trond Heir
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: People with a visual impairment appear to have an increased risk of experiencing potentially traumatizing life events and possibly also subsequently developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study investigated the point prevalence of PTSD in people with a visual impairment compared with the general population of Norway and examined factors associated with PTSD among people with a visual impairment. Methods: A telephone-based survey was administered to a probability sample of 1216 adults with a visual impairment. Of these, 736 (61% response rate) participated. A probability sample from the general population served as a reference (n = 1792, 36% response rate). PTSD was measured with the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5), based on the currently most bothersome event reported from the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). We used the DSM-5 diagnostic guidelines to categorize participants as fulfilling the PTSD symptom criteria or not. Results: The prevalence of PTSD was higher among people with a visual impairment than in the general population, both for men (9.0% vs. 3.8%) and women (13.9% vs. 8.5%). The prevalence rates of PTSD from the illness or injury that had caused the vision loss (men 3.9%, women 2.2%) accounted for a considerable part of the difference between the populations. For women, PTSD related to sexual assaults also contributed significantly to a higher PTSD prevalence in the visually impaired versus the general population (5.2% vs. 2.2%), while for men there were no other event categories which resulted in significant differences. Among people with a visual impairment, the higher risk of PTSD was associated with lower age, female gender, having acquired the vision loss, and having other impairments in addition to the vision loss. Conclusion: The higher prevalence of PTSD in people with a visual impairment suggests that vulnerability to mental health problems is associated with serious life events. The higher incidence than in the general population is partly due to the illness or injury that had led to the vision loss and partly due to people with vision loss appearing to be more vulnerable through exposure to other types of potentially traumatizing events, such as sexual abuse.

scholarly journals The Polish adaptation of the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5) for PTSD criteria from DSM-5

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Rzeszutek ◽  
Maja Lis-Turlejska ◽  
Hanna Palich ◽  
Szymon Szumiał
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Polish Adaptation

Life Events Checklist for DSM-5--Brazilian Portuguese Version

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo de Paula Lima ◽  
Alina Gomide Vasconcelos ◽  
William Berger ◽  
Christian Haag Kristensen ◽  
Elizabeth do Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Brazilian Portuguese ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Dsm 5

scholarly journals The Dutch Version of the Centrality of Event Scale (CES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam Vermeulen ◽  
Dirk Smits ◽  
Paul A. Boelen ◽  
Laurence Claes ◽  
Filip Raes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Event Centrality ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Criterion A

Abstract. Event centrality is defined as the extent to which the memory of a traumatic event forms a reference point for personal identity and the attribution of meaning to other experiences in a person’s life. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the Centrality of Event Scale (CES; Berntsen & Rubin, 2006 ) and its relation with symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, exposure to traumatic events as defined by DSM-5 trauma criterion A, and negative life events in a student sample ( N = 967). An underlying structure of one factor was found. This factor structure was replicated in two additional independent samples. High internal consistency was found for a 6-item CES. CES scores were positively related to symptoms of PTSD and depression, to the DSM-5 trauma criterion A, and the number of negative life events. The CES made a unique contribution to the explained variance in PTSD symptoms when controlling for depression. However, CES scores were unrelated to depression when controlling for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that event centrality might be more typically related to PTSD, and less to depression.

Treatment for Hoarding Disorder

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Steketee ◽  
Randy O. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Empirically Supported

This online Second Edition of Treatment for Hoarding Disorder is the culmination of more than 20 years of research on understanding hoarding and building an effective intervention to address its myriad components. Thoroughly updated and reflective of changes made to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), it outlines an empirically supported and effective CBT program for treating hoarding disorder, and provides numerous assessment and intervention forms to help clients use the methods described in the intervention. A major goal of the treatment is to recapture the positive role of possessions in the lives of people with hoarding problems, and strategies are outlined for sustaining gains and making further progress, as well as for managing stressful life events that can provoke problematic acquiring and difficulty discarding.

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