scholarly journals The difference one word makes: Imagining sexual orientation in graduate school application essays.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamden K. Strunk ◽  
Lucy E. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Application Essays

scholarly journals The difference on word makes: Imagining sexual orientation in graduate school application essays

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamden K Strunk ◽  
Lucy Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Research Paradigm ◽  
Single Word ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The University

Past researchers in implicit racial bias illuminated how changes of even a single word in such writing samples as job applications and syllabi can shape perceptions and behavior. In the present study, a multi-staged experiment was undertaken to expand the work in implicit racialbias by using a similar research design focused on sexual orientation. We attempted to elicit sexual orientation identification one-word changes (wife, partner, or husband to refer to significant other) in graduate school admission essays and investigated differences inparticipants’ ratings of those essays on a number of relevant dimensions. Results indicate that essays referring to a partner or husband were perceived as more feminine/less masculine and more gay/less straight versus those referring to a wife. We also found that the essays mentioning the partner or husband were rated as being a poorer “fit” to the university versus those referringto a wife. These results have implications for research, as this introduces a useful research paradigm for LGBTQ work, and for practice as it highlights the ways that single-word variations can elicit sexual subjectivities and impact subsequent decisions about admissions and fit.

The Flynn Effect

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Duckworth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
The United States ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Abstract Reasoning ◽  
Flynn Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference

In tandem with increases in delay of gratification, the human capacity for abstract reasoning has increased enormously over the past century. This phenomenon is called the Flynn Effect, after the political scientist who discovered it. I first learned about the Flynn Effect in graduate school. I remember thinking it was impossible. How could it be that as a species, we're getting smarter? And not just a little bit smarter. The size of the Flynn Effect is staggering: more than 30 IQ points—the difference between getting an average score on a standard intelligence test versus qualifying as mentally gifted. Gains are comparable in all areas of the United States and, indeed, around the world.

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189-1191
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
The West ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
The Difference

Branko Milanovic, a Presidential Professor at the CUNY Graduate Center, reviews “Mixed Fortunes: An Economic History of China, Russia, and the West”, by Vladimir Popov. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Provides an interpretation of the ""Great Divergence" and the ""Great Convergence" stories, analyzing why Western countries grew rich and developing countries struggled to keep up, focusing on China and Russia. Discusses how the West became rich--stylized facts and a literature review; why the West became rich first and why some developing countries are catching up, while others are not; Chinese and Russian economies under central planning--why the difference in outcomes?; Chinese and Russian economies since reforms--transformational recession in Russia and acceleration of growth in China; and growth miracles and failures--lessons for development economics. Popov is with the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations, Professor Emeritus at the New Economic School in Moscow, and Professor in the Graduate School of International Business at the Russian Presidential Academy of the National Economy and Public Administration in Moscow.”

scholarly journals Undergraduate Science Research: A Comparison of Influences and Experiences between Premed and Non–Premed Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Brongo Pacifici ◽  
Norman Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
School Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Undergraduate Science ◽  
Rule Out

Most students participating in science undergraduate research (UR) plan to attend either medical school or graduate school. This study examines possible differences between premed and non–premed students in their influences to do research and expectations of research. Questionnaire responses from 55 premed students and 80 non–premed students were analyzed. No differences existed in the expectations of research between the two groups, but attitudes toward science and intrinsic motivation to learn more about science were significantly higher for non–premed students. Follow-up interviews with 11 of the students, including a case study with one premed student, provided explanation for the observed differences. Premed students, while not motivated to learn more about science, were motivated to help people, which is why most of them are pursuing medicine. They viewed research as a way to help them become doctors and to rule out the possibility of research as a career. Non–premed students participated in research to learn more about a specific science topic and gain experience that may be helpful in graduate school research. The difference in the reasons students want to do UR may be used to tailor UR experiences for students planning to go to graduate school or medical school.

scholarly journals Tensões na condição e no trabalho docente - tensões na formação

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
School Education ◽  
Educational Professionals ◽  
Curriculum Guidelines ◽  
The Difference

O texto propõe que as formas de equacionar a formação dos profissionais daeducação básica exigem novos parâmetros. A 1ª. parte sugere a necessidade deanálises críticas dos perfis, protótipos de profissional e de formação que veminspirando as políticas, as diretrizes curriculares, os programas de sua formação. A2ª. parte traz as análises sobre as mudanças no trabalho e na condição docente e asexigências de outra formação. Sugere que o processo mais adequado de formulardiretrizes, políticas, currículos de formação será partir das experiências reais dadocência ou do trabalho e da condição docente. A 3ª. parte focaliza a tensaafirmação de Outras identidades docentes que vem dos Outros educandos eeducadores/as. Os educandos/as e os profissionais de sua educação são outros emclasse, raça, etnia, gênero, orientação sexual, afirmando a diferença de valores, deculturas, de experiências sociais. Diversidade que exige outros docentes e outraspolíticas de formação.Palavras-chave: Políticas de formação; Formação docente; Trabalho docente.The article proposes that ways of addressing the education of the professionals whowork in the school education require new parameters. The 1st part of the articlesuggests the need for critical analysis of the profiles, profesional and teachereducation prototypes that have inspired the policies, the curriculum guidelines andthe teacher education programmes. The 2nd part presents an analysis of the changesin the teaching labor and in the teacher condition as well as the requirements ofanother teacher education. The article suggests that the most appropriate process offormulating guidelines, policies and teacher education curricula rests upon realteaching experiences of teaching or work and teaching condition. The 3rd part of thearticle focuses on the tense affirmation of Others teachers’ identities that come fromOther learners and educators. Learners and educational professionals are the othersin class, race, ethinicity, gender, sexual orientation, who state the difference invalues, cultures and social experience. Thus, diversity requires other teachers andother teacher education policies.Keywords: Training policies; Teacher’s Training; Teaching Profession.

scholarly journals Fragile Heterosexuality

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
Keon West ◽  
Martha Lucia Borras-Guevara ◽  
Thomas Morton ◽  
Katy Greenland
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Heterosexual Identity ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Majority Groups

Abstract. Previous research demonstrates that membership of majority groups is often perceived as more fragile than membership of minority groups. Four studies ( N1 = 90, N2 = 247, N3 = 500, N4 = 1,176) investigated whether this was the case for heterosexual identity, relative to gay identity. Support for fragile heterosexuality was found using various methods: sexual orientation perceptions of a target who engaged in incongruent behavior, free-responses concerning behaviors required to change someone’s mind about a target’s sexual orientation, agreement with statements about men/women’s sexual orientation, and agreement with gender-neutral statements about sexual orientation. Neither participant nor target gender eliminated or reversed this effect. Additionally, we investigated multiple explanations (moderators) of the perceived difference in fragility between heterosexual identity and gay identity and found that higher estimates of the gay/lesbian population decreased the difference between the (higher) perceived fragility of heterosexual identity and the (lower) perceived fragility of gay identity.

scholarly journals Association between sexual orientation acceptance and suicidal ideation, substance use, and internalised homophobia amongst the pink carpet Y cohort study of young gay, bisexual, and queer men in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Ong ◽  
Rayner Kay Jin Tan ◽  
Daniel Le ◽  
Avin Tan ◽  
Adrian Tyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

Abstract Background Gay, bisexual and queer (GBQ) men are frequently subjected to minority stressors that have negative impacts on their health. Milestones that include the acceptance and disclosure of sexual identity amongst GBQ men are hence key instruments in understanding the prevalence of internalised homophobia and predicting health outcomes. As such, this work takes a novel approach to deduce the correlates of delayed acceptance of sexual orientation in young GBQ men as a measure of internalised homophobia through retrospective self-reporting and age-based analysis. Methods Participants were recruited as part of a cohort study exploring the syndemic risks associated with HIV acquisition among young GBQ men in Singapore. We examined their levels of internalised, perceived, experienced homophobia, as well as their health behaviours and suicidal tendencies. Two separate variables were also self-reported by the participants – the age of questioning of sexual orientation and the age of acceptance of sexual orientation. We subsequently recoded a new variable, delayed acceptance of sexual orientation, by taking the difference between these two variables, regressing it as an independent and dependent variable to deduce its psychosocial correlates, as well as its association with other measured instruments of health. Results As a dependent variable, delayed acceptance of sexual orientation is positively associated with an increase of age and internalised homophobia, while being negatively associated with reporting as being gay, compared to being bisexual or queer. As an independent variable, delayed acceptance of sexual orientation was associated with a delayed age of coming out to siblings and parents, suicide ideation, historical use of substances including smoking tobacco cigarettes and consuming marijuana, as well as reporting higher levels of experienced, internalised and perceived homophobia. Conclusion Greater levels of early intervention and efforts are required to reduce the heightened experience of minority stress resulting from communal and institutional hostilities. Areas of improvement may include community-based counselling and psychological support for GBQ men, while not forsaking greater education of the social and healthcare sectors. Most importantly, disrupting the stigma narrative of a GBQ ‘lifestyle’ is paramount in establishing an accepting social environment that reduces the health disparity faced by GBQ men.

scholarly journals Understanding, Communication, Concerns and Repercussions of Sexual Development Differences by Mothers’ Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A801-A802
Author(s):  
Lia Mesquita Lousada ◽  
Sorahia Domenice ◽  
Costa L Elaine Maria Frade ◽  
Tania A Bachega ◽  
Rafael Loch Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Congenital Diseases ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Atypical Development

Abstract Introduction: Differences of sexual development (DSD) define congenital diseases in which an atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex occurs. The approach involves complex themes: gender designation, genitoplasty, hormonal treatment and fertility. Mothers’ understanding optimizes their children’s assistance. Objective/methods: To analyze the mothers’ understanding about the DSD condition, doubts, concerns, barriers to communication and repercussion in gender, sexual orientation and relationships in a cohort followed in reference centers in São Paulo (SP) and Ceará (CE), through an interview. Results: 112 mothers (72 from SP and 50 from CE) were interviewed. Mothers’ mean age was 35 y. The satisfaction related to the understanding about their children’s condition (on a scale from 1 to 5) was higher in the SP: medians of 4 (SP) and 3 (CE). Significant differences were evidenced between the numbers of mothers who knew the condition’s name, 56.3% (SP) and 38.6% (CE); who knew why the children had been affected by it, 38.5% (SP) and 16.7% (CE); and who knew the drugs’ function, 89.3% (SP) and 70.4% (CE). 70% to 83% of the mothers referred doubts, mainly related to the diagnosis and their feeling of guilt. Considering only children with atypical genitalia at birth (n:115), the difference was not diagnosed at hospital in 15% (4 from SP and 14 from CE). Pediatricians and obstetricians first communicated to mothers about the atypical genitalia in 73% of the reports. 70% (SP) and 41% (CE) of the mothers considered the first approach inappropriate. 89% of all mothers feel uncomfortable in talking to other people about the DSD condition and 68% experienced negative comments. Around 70% of mothers reported discomfort in exposing their children’s genitalia and 64% considered genitoplasty as an urgency. 47% referred that the DSD may influence the gender identity, 65.4% referred it may prejudice relationships and 33.3% believed it may influence on sexual orientation. The concern related to stigma was higher than related to fertility, genitalia appearance, relationships, treatments, gender identity and sexuality. Conclusion: Most of the mothers of DSD children, even in reference centers, showed unsatisfaction and lack of knowledge. The health team should be trained and the approach should consider the mothers’ perspectives and be appropriate to the cultural context. Educational actions may improve understanding and reduce the DSD stigma.

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