A dynamic dual process model of risky decision making.

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Diederich ◽  
Jennifer S. Trueblood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Dual Process Model

scholarly journals Thinking Fast Increases Framing Effects in Risky Decision Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Guo ◽  
Jennifer S. Trueblood ◽  
Adele Diederich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Deliberation Process ◽  
Emotional System

Every day, people face snap decisions when time is a limiting factor. In addition, the way a problem is presented can influence people’s choices, which creates what are known as framing effects. In this research, we explored how time pressure interacts with framing effects in risky decision making. Specifically, does time pressure strengthen or weaken framing effects? On one hand, research has suggested that framing effects evolve through the deliberation process, growing larger with time. On the other hand, dual-process theory attributes framing effects to an intuitive, emotional system that responds automatically to stimuli. In our experiments, participants made decisions about gambles framed in terms of either gains or losses, and time pressure was manipulated across blocks. Results showed increased framing effects under time pressure in both hypothetical and incentivized choices, which supports the dual-process hypothesis that these effects arise from a fast, intuitive system.

A Dynamic Dual Process Model of Intertemporal Choice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele Diederich ◽  
Wenjia Joyce Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
Dual Process Theories ◽  
System 1

Abstract Dual process theories of decision making describe choice as the result of an automatic System 1, which is quick to activate but behaves impulsively, and a deliberative System 2, which is slower to activate but makes decisions in a rational and controlled manner. However, most existent dual process theories are verbal descriptions and do not generate testable qualitative and quantitative predictions. In this paper, we describe a formalized dynamic dual process model framework of intertemporal choice that allows for precise, experimentally testable predictions regarding choice probability and response time distributions. The framework is based on two-stage stochastic process models to account for the two postulated systems and to capture the dynamics and uncertainty involved in decision making. Using quasi closed form solutions, we illustrate how different factors (timing of System 1, time constraint, and preferences in both systems), which are reflected in the model parameters, influence qualitative and quantitative model predictions. Furthermore, we show how an existing static-deterministic model on intertemporal choice can be implemented in the framework allowing for testable predictions. The proposed framework can bring novel insights into the processes underlying intertemporal choices.

Recognition Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves: The Complex Influence of Input Statistics, Memory, and Decision-making

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Olya Hakobyan ◽  
Sen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is the standard tool for studying recognition memory. In particular, the curvilinearity and the y-offset of recognition ROC curves have been interpreted as indicative of either memory strength (single-process models) or different memory processes (dual-process model). The distinction between familiarity and recollection has been widely studied in cognitive neuroscience in a variety of conditions, including lesions of different brain regions. We develop a computational model that explicitly shows how performance in recognition memory is affected by a complex and, as yet, underappreciated interplay of various factors, such as stimulus statistics, memory processing, and decision-making. We demonstrate that (1) the factors in the model affect recognition ROC curves in unexpected ways, (2) fitting R and F parameters according to the dual-process model is not particularly useful for understanding the underlying processes, and (3) the variability of recognition ROC curves and the controversies they have caused might be due to the uncontrolled variability in the contributing factors. Although our model is abstract, its functional components can be mapped onto brain regions, which are involved in corresponding functions. This enables us to reproduce and interpret in a coherent framework the diverse effects on recognition memory that have been reported in patients with frontal and hippocampal lesions. To conclude, our work highlights the importance of the rich interplay of a variety of factors in driving recognition memory performance, which has to be taken into account when interpreting recognition ROC curves.

scholarly journals A dual-process model of decision-making: The symmetric effect of intuitive and cognitive judgments on optimal budget allocation.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Stamos ◽  
Sabrina Bruyneel ◽  
Bram De Rock ◽  
Laurens Cherchye ◽  
Siegfried Dewitte
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Symmetric Effect

scholarly journals Theories behind a nursing intern's error in terms of clinical decision-making

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Meng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
General Analysis ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Dual Process Model ◽  
Wrong Decision

AbstractClinical decision-making and judgment is an essential skill that should be acquired by nursing interns. However, many studies reveal that a large proportion of nursing interns have difficulty in meeting the basic expectation of clinical decision-making. This article begins with a brief review of some theories related to clinical decision-making. Then it takes a case, for example, to show how the wrong decision is made. Furthermore, it makes a general analysis on the case drawing on the concept of bounded rationality, dual-process model, and skills acquisition theory. This article ends with some reflections from the case, to improve the consciousness and skills in decision-making for nursing interns.

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