scholarly journals Workplace accommodations for employees with disabilities: A multilevel model of employer decision-making.

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apsara Telwatte ◽  
Jeromy Anglim ◽  
Sarah K. A. Wynton ◽  
Richard Moulding
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Employees With Disabilities ◽  
Workplace Accommodations

scholarly journals Workplace Accommodations for Employees with Disabilities: A Multilevel Model of Employer Decision-Making

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apsara Telwatte ◽  
Jeromy Anglim ◽  
Sarah K. A. Wynton ◽  
Richard Moulding
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Employees With Disabilities ◽  
Psychological Disabilities ◽  
Workplace Accommodations

Purpose: Existing research suggests that the decision to grant or deny workplace accommodations for people with disabilities is influenced by a range of legal and non-legal factors. However, less is known about how these factors operate at the within-person level. Thus, we proposed and tested a multilevel model of the accommodation decision-making process, which we applied to better understand why people with psychological disabilities often experience greater challenges in obtaining accommodations. Method: A sample of 159 Australian adults, composed mostly of managers and HR professionals, read 12 vignettes involving requests for accommodations from existing employees. The requests differed in whether they were for psychological or physical disabilities. For each vignette, participants rated their empathy with the employee, the legitimacy of the employee's disability, the necessity for productivity, the perceived cost, and the reasonableness, and indicated whether they would grant the accommodation. Results: Multilevel modeling indicated that greater empathy, legitimacy, and necessity, and lower perceived cost predicted perceptions of greater reasonableness and greater granting. Accommodation requests from employees with psychological disabilities were seen as less reasonable and were less likely to be granted; much of this effect seemed to be driven by perceptions that such accommodations were less necessary for productivity. Ratings on accommodations were influenced both by general between-person tendencies and within-person appraisals of particular scenarios. Conclusions: The study points to a need for organizations to more clearly establish guidelines for how decision-makers should fairly evaluate accommodation requests for employees with psychological disabilities and disability more broadly.

GAME THEORY IN THE PROCESS OF DECISION-MAKING MANAGEMENT AT THE WORKPLACES OF EMPLOYEES WITH DISABILITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Danova Karyna ◽  
◽  
Viktoriia Malysheva ◽  
Nataliia Popovych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Employees With Disabilities

Financial services and ethical hazards: antecedents of repeated ethical violation

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 758-784
Author(s):  
Chia-Yi Cheng ◽  
Tzu-Ping Ho
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Organizational Size ◽  
Reciprocal Determinism ◽  
Average Marginal Effects

Purpose Prior studies have extensively explored individual examples of unethical behavior in sales organizations but focused little on repeated violation (RV) of ethical codes, particularly when managers develop salesforces. Based on social learning theory (SLT), the authors propose a multilevel model of RV antecedents and suggest that organizational influence (social cues and modeling) and individual factors (observer characteristics and behavioral outcomes) affect RV, especially with increasing recruitment of salespeople. Design/methodology/approach Using data from a leading financial company in Taiwan, the authors analyzed 1,231 records of salespeople’s misbehavior through logistic regression and average marginal effects. Findings Modeling in the organization (i.e. peer misconduct), observer characteristics (i.e. experience concerning job tenure and prior violations) and behavioral outcomes (i.e. information concealment violations) were all found to affect the likelihood of RV, and the interactional effect of organizational size was confirmed. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to ethical decision-making theory by explaining aspects of RV through SLT. Its multilevel model, integrated with organizational strategy theories, adds an SLT-focused paradigm into unethical behavior research by considering vicarious learning and self-learning, alongside the reciprocal determinism of cognition, behavior, and environment. Practical implications Managers should consider socially based patterns of violation when initiating a sales business plan. The chances of RV are increased by unethical models in the organization and offenders’ potential for violations, which is reinforced by social environment. Originality/value This study clarified the key drivers of RV decision-making using SLT and identified an effective sales development strategy to maintain an ethically responsible salesforce.

Rules of the Culture and Personal Needs: Witnesses' Decision-Making Processes to Deal with Situations of Bullying in Middle School

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Diazgranados Ferráns ◽  
Robert Selman ◽  
Luba Falk Feigenberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Eighth Graders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Analyze Data

This article explores the decision-making processes by which early adolescents choose a strategy to upstand, bystand, or join the perpetrators when they witness situations of physical and relational bullying in their schools. Authors Silvia Diazgranados Ferráns, Robert L. Selman, and Luba Falk Feigenberg analyze data from twenty-three interviews conducted with eighth graders in four middle schools using a grounded theory approach and propose an emerging theoretical framework to guide future research on bullying. Their framework includes a multilevel model that identifies nested sources of influence on students' responses to bullying and a decision-making tree that hypothesizes different choice paths that student witnesses’ decision-making processes might follow in situations of bullying as predicted by the students’ positions along a set of “key social-relational indices.” Finally, the authors connect their findings with current debates in the field of moral decision making and discuss the implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers.

scholarly journals DECISION MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINTY USING A VEHICLE MULTILEVEL MODEL: APPROACH TO TARGETS ALLOCATION

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chokri ◽  
J.-Y. Trépanier ◽  
C. Tribes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multilevel Model ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Hierarchical Tree ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
Hierarchical Tree Structure ◽  
Model Approach

In this paper, we consider setting performance targets for a vehicle design. The vehicle is modeled by a multilevel hierarchical tree structure. We have considered that each leaf of the structure may have several characteristics, and that for each characteristic a target is defined. Experts’ opinions are expressed with uncertainty regarding the feasibility of achieving these targets. Experts’ opinions are given in the form of intervals associated with their subjective beliefs for the possible values of characteristics. The collected information is propagated in the model to determine the plausibility and the belief for characteristics at the vehicle level. Using this information, five target allocation approaches are discussed which can be applied to three vehicle design strategies.

Discarding optimality: Throwing out the baby with the bathwater?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Simen ◽  
Fuat Balcı
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Standard Observer ◽  
Rate Maximization ◽  
Reward Rate Maximization ◽  
Descriptive Standard ◽  
Observer Model

AbstractRahnev & Denison (R&D) argue against normative theories and in favor of a more descriptive “standard observer model” of perceptual decision making. We agree with the authors in many respects, but we argue that optimality (specifically, reward-rate maximization) has proved demonstrably useful as a hypothesis, contrary to the authors’ claims.

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