scholarly journals Differential item function analysis of a scale measuring worry about affording healthcare in multiple sclerosis.

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salene M. W. Jones ◽  
Dagmar Amtmann
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Differential Item Function

scholarly journals A new assessment to monitor student performance in introductory neurophysiology: Electrochemical Gradients Assessment Device

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Cerchiara ◽  
Kerry J. Kim ◽  
Eli Meir ◽  
Mary Pat Wenderoth ◽  
Jennifer H. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Likelihood Estimate ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Weighted Likelihood ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Differential Item Function ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Ion Movement

The basis for understanding neurophysiology is understanding ion movement across cell membranes. Students in introductory courses recognize ion concentration gradients as a driving force for ion movement but struggle to simultaneously account for electrical charge gradients. We developed a 17-multiple-choice item assessment of students’ understanding of electrochemical gradients and resistance in neurophysiology, the Electrochemical Gradients Assessment Device (EGAD). We investigated the internal evidence validity of the assessment by analyzing item characteristic curves of score probability and student ability for each question, and a Wright map of student scores and ability. We used linear mixed-effect regression to test student performance and ability. Our assessment discriminated students with average ability (weighted likelihood estimate: −2 to 1.5 Θ); however, it was not as effective at discriminating students at the highest ability (weighted likelihood estimate: >2 Θ). We determined the assessment could capture changes in both assessment scores (model r2 = 0.51, P < 0.001, n = 444) and ability estimates (model r2 = 0.47, P < 0.001, n = 444) after a simulation-based laboratory and course instruction for 222 students. Differential item function analysis determined that each item on the assessment performed equitably for all students, regardless of gender, race/ethnicity, or economic status. Overall, we found that men scored higher ( r2 = 0.51, P = 0.014, n = 444) and had higher ability scores ( P = 0.003) on the EGAD assessment. Caucasian students of both genders were positively correlated with score ( r2 = 0.51, P < 0.001, n = 444) and ability ( r2 = 0.47, P < 0.001, n = 444). Based on the evidence gathered through our analyses, the scores obtained from the EGAD can distinguish between levels of content knowledge on neurophysiology principles for students in introductory physiology courses.

Cognitive abilities as predictors of safety to drive in people with multiple sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Lincoln ◽  
K.A. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities ◽  
Learning Interference ◽  
Road Sign Recognition ◽  
Serial Addition

Cognitive impairments resulting from multiple sclerosis (MS) may affect driving performance. The purpose was to determine whether cognitive tests predict safety to drive in people with MS. Participants were recruited from people referred to Derby Regional Mobility Centre for assessment of their fitness to drive. They were assessed on tests of cognitive abilities related to driving including: the Stroke Drivers Screening Assessment, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, Stroop, Motor Impersistence and Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery (AMIPB). Participants' safety to drive on the public road was tested by an approved driving instructor blind to the results of the cognitive assessment. There were 34 participants with MS, 17 were men, mean age 46 (SD 10.4) years. Safe and unsafe drivers were compared. Significant differences were found on tests of executive function (Road Sign Recognition, P < 0.01), visual memory (Design Learning Interference, P < 0.05) Information Processing (AMIPB Task A, P < 0.05 and B, P < 0.05), concentration (Dot Cancellation false positive errors, P < 0.01) and visuospatial abilities (AMIPB Figure copy). An equation was generated using discriminant function analysis with an overall predictive accuracy of 88% (Sensitivity for pass 90%, Specificity 90%). Cognitive abilities were predictors of safety to drive in people with MS.

scholarly journals A differential item function analysis of somatic symptoms of depression in people with cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salene M.W. Jones ◽  
Evette J. Ludman ◽  
Ruth McCorkle ◽  
Robert Reid ◽  
Erin J. Aiello Bowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Differential Item Function ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Anxiety disorders and their clinical correlates in multiple sclerosis patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Korostil ◽  
A Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Objective To assess prevalence rates and clinical correlates of anxiety disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Demographic and neurological data were collected on 140 consecutive clinic attendees, and their lifetime and point prevalences of anxiety disorders were determined with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders (SCID-IV). All subjects completed the self-report Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Suicidal intent was rated with the Beck Suicide Scale (BSS), psychosocial stressors and supports were quantified with Social Stress and Support Interview (SSSI), and cognition assessed with Neuropsychological Screening Battery for MS. Results The lifetime prevalence of any anxiety disorder was 35.7%, with panic disorder (10%), obsessive compulsive disorder (8.6%), and generalized anxiety disorder (18.6%), the most common diagnoses obtained. Subjects with an anxiety disorder were more likely to be female, have a history of depression, drink to excess, report higher social stress and have contemplated suicide. The diagnosis of an anxiety disorder had been missed in the majority of subjects, therefore, they had not received treatment. A discriminant function analysis identified a series of variables that correctly classified 75% of patients with an anxiety disorder. Conclusion Anxiety disorders are common in patients with MS, but are frequently overlooked and under-treated. Risk factors include being female, a co-morbid diagnosis of depression, and limited social support. Clinicians should evaluate all MS subjects for anxiety disorders, as they represent a treatable cause of disability in MS.

scholarly journals A new motor screening assessment for children at risk for motor disorders: construct validity

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Matiko Martins Okuda ◽  
Melissa Pangelinan ◽  
Carlo Chiorri ◽  
Simone Aparecida Capellini ◽  
Hugo Cogo-Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Differential Item Function ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Screening Assessment

ABSTRACT Objective: To develop a motor screening assessment and provide preliminary evidence of its psychometric properties. Methods: A sample of 365 elementary school students was assessed, with structural equation modeling applied to obtain evidence of the adequacy of the factor structure of the motor screening assessment. As well, differential item functioning was used to evaluate whether various identifiable subgroups of children (i.e., sex and grade) perform particular tasks differently. Results: Overall, girls obtained higher scores than boys while, for both sexes, the assessment scores increased with age. Furthermore, differential item function analysis revealed that the precision of the test was highest for those with moderate to low motor performance, suggesting that this tool would be appropriate for identifying individuals with movement difficulties. Conclusion: Although further tests of its psychometric properties are required, the motor screening assessment appears to be a reliable, valid, and quickly-administered tool for screening children's movements.

Sensory and Cognitive Components of Auditory Processing in Individuals With Tinnitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-842
Author(s):  
Harini Vasudevan ◽  
Hari Prakash Palaniswamy ◽  
Ramaswamy Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Mode Function ◽  
Related Potentials

Purpose The main purpose of the study is to explore the auditory selective attention abilities (using event-related potentials) and the neuronal oscillatory activity in the default mode network sites (using electroencephalogram [EEG]) in individuals with tinnitus. Method Auditory selective attention was measured using P300, and the resting state EEG was assessed using the default mode function analysis. Ten individuals with continuous and bothersome tinnitus along with 10 age- and gender-matched control participants underwent event-related potential testing and 5 min of EEG recording (at wakeful rest). Results Individuals with tinnitus were observed to have larger N1 and P3 amplitudes along with prolonged P3 latency. The default mode function analysis revealed no significant oscillatory differences between the groups. Conclusion The current study shows changes in both the early sensory and late cognitive components of auditory processing. The change in the P3 component is suggestive of selective auditory attention deficit, and the sensory component (N1) suggests an altered bottom-up processing in individuals with tinnitus.

Microglia-derived macrophages in early multiple sclerosis plaques

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Li ◽  
M. L. Cuzner ◽  
J. Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis
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