scholarly journals Personality characteristics below facets: A replication and meta-analysis of cross-rater agreement, rank-order stability, heritability, and utility of personality nuances.

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. e35-e50 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Mõttus ◽  
Jonah Sinick ◽  
Antonio Terracciano ◽  
Martina Hřebíčková ◽  
Christian Kandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Rater Agreement

scholarly journals Mapping oligogenes for atopy and asthma by meta-analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Collins ◽  
S. Ennis ◽  
W. Tapper ◽  
N.E. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Allelic Association ◽  
Type I ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Complex Inheritance ◽  
Candidate Regions

Meta-analysis is presented for published studies on linkage or allelic association that have in common only reported significance levels. Reporting is biassed, and nonsignificance is seldom quantified. Therefore meta-analysis cannot identify oligogenes within a candidate region nor establish their significance, but it defines candidate regions well. Applied to a database on atopy and asthma, candidate regions are identified on chromosomes 6, 5, 16, 11, 12, 13, 14, 7, 20, and 10, in rank order from strongest to weakest evidence. On the other hand, there is little support for chromosomes 9, 8, 18, 1, and 15 in the same rank order. The evidence from 156 publications is reviewed for each region. With reasonable type I and II errors several thousand affected sib pairs would be required to detect a locus accounting for 1/10 of the genetic effect on asthma. Identification of regions by a genome scan for linkage and allelic association requires international collaborative studies to reach the necessary sample size, using lod-based methods that specify a weakly parametric alternative hypothesis and can be combined over studies that differ in ascertainment, phenotypes, and markers. This has become the central problem in complex inheritance.

scholarly journals Traits and Adaptations: A Theoretical Examination and New Empirical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Henry ◽  
René Mõttus
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Rater Agreement ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Empirical Implications

We investigated the distinction between traits (also labelled basic tendencies or dispositions) and (characteristic) adaptations, two related features of the personality system postulated to influence how personality manifests throughout the lifespan. Traits are alleged to be universal, causal, and enduring entities that exist across cultures and through evolutionary time, whereas learned adaptations are acquired through sustained interaction with cultural, physical, and social environments. Although this distinction is central to several personality theories, they provide few measurable criteria to distinguish between traits and adaptations. Moreover, little research has endeavoured to operationalize it, let alone test it empirically. Drawing on insights from four frameworks—the Five–Factor Theory, Cybernetic Big Five Theory, Disposition–Adaptation–Environment Model, and New Big Five—we attempted to investigate the distinction both theoretically and empirically. Using various experimental rating conditions, we first scored 240 questionnaire items in their degrees of definitionally reflecting traits and/or adaptations. Next, we correlated these definitional ratings with the items’ estimates of rank–order stability, consensual validity, and heritability—criteria often associated with personality traits. We found some evidence that items rated as more trait–like and less adaptation–like correspond to higher cross–rater agreement and stability but not heritability. These associations survived controlling for items’ retest reliability, social desirability, and variance. The theoretical and empirical implications of these findings are discussed. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

Cross-Informant Agreement on the Child Behavior Checklist for Youths: A Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiungjung Huang
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Informant Agreement ◽  
Parent Characteristics ◽  
The Mean

This meta-analysis of 169 studies examines the rank-order and mean-level agreements for the Child Behavior Checklist. The correlations between parents and teachers (.18–.35) and those between teachers and youths (.19–.32) were from small to moderate and generally moderate for those between parents and youths (.33–.40). The mean-level disagreements between parents and youths were small, while those between parents and teachers and those between teachers and youths varied. The rank-order agreement estimates were global, unlike those at mean level. The magnitude of mean-level disagreement was related to youth characteristics, parent characteristics, assessment contexts, and scale measured. Further research is needed on the agreement between teachers and youths, for which relatively few studies have been conducted.

scholarly journals Academic inequality through the lens of community ecology: a meta-analysis

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira S. Mori ◽  
Shenhua Qian ◽  
Shinichi Tatsumi
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dominance Rank ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Scientific Domain ◽  
Meta Analyses

Ecological assemblages are generally characterized by a few dominant species and numerous others. Such unequal distributions of dominance also emerge in human society, including in scientific communities. Here, based on formal community ecological analyses, we show the temporal trends in the number of scientific publication in the discipline of “ecology.” Based on this, we infer possible factors causing the imbalance of reputation and dominance among countries. We relied on 454 ecological meta-analysis papers published from 1998 to 2014, which sourced over 29,000 original publications. Formal meta-analyses are essential for synthesizing findings from individual studies and are critical for assessing issues and informing policy. We found that, despite the rapid expansion of outlets for ecology papers (analogous to an increase in carrying capacity, in ecological systems), country diversity as determined from first author affiliations (analogous to species diversity) did not increase. Furthermore, a country identity was more powerful than the popularity of the scientific topic and affected the chance of publication in high-profile journals, independent of the potential novelty of findings and arguments of the papers, suggesting possible academic injustice. Consequently, a rank order and hierarchy has been gradually formed among countries. Notably, this country-dominance rank is not only specific to this scientific domain but also universal across different societal situations including sports and economics, further emphasizing that inequality and hierarchical structure exist even in modern human society. Our study demonstrates a need for having robust frameworks to facilitate equality and diversity in the scientific domain in order to better inform society and policy.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Test Scores in Proctored and Unproctored Ability Assessments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Steger ◽  
Ulrich Schroeders ◽  
Timo Gnambs
Keyword(s):  
Context Effects ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Total N ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Personal Consequences ◽  
Mean Differences

Unproctored, web-based assessments are frequently compromised by a lack of control over the participants’ test taking behavior. It is likely that participants cheat if personal consequences are high. This meta-analysis summarizes findings on context effects in unproctored and proctored ability assessments and examines mean score differences and correlations between both assessment contexts. As potential moderators, we consider (a) the perceived consequences of the assessment, (b) countermeasures against cheating, (c) the susceptibility to cheating of the measure itself, and (d) the use of different test media. For standardized mean differences, a three-level random-effects meta-analysis based on 108 effect sizes from 49 studies (total N = 100,434) identified a pooled effect of Δ = 0.20, 95% CI [0.10, 0.31], indicating higher scores in unproctored assessments. Moderator analyses revealed significantly smaller effects for measures that are difficult to research on the Internet. Regarding rank order stability, a small subsample of studies (n = 5) providing 15 effect sizes (total N = 1,280) indicated considerable rank order changes (ρ = .58, 95% CI [.38, .78]). These results demonstrate that unproctored ability assessments are markedly biased by cheating. Unproctored assessments may be most suitable for tasks that are difficult to search on the Internet.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis on the Relationship between Parenting Style and Personality of Chinese College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Yaxin Yang ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Fang Xu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
The Relationship

There have been many studies on the relationship between parenting style and personality characteristics of college students, and there are many inconsistent conclusions on the direction and intensity of the correlation. In order to explore the relationship between parenting style and personality of college students in China, this systematic review and meta analysis included 12 studies with 4,984 college students. Results showed that: 1) Positive parenting style was significantly negatively correlated with neuroticism and positively correlated with extraversion; 2) Negative parenting style was significantly positively correlated with psychoticism and negatively correlated with neuroticism. Parenting style can significantly influence college students’ personality.

scholarly journals The reliability and temporal stability of self-reported media exposure - a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Scharkow
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Audience Research ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Audience Measurement

The measurement of media exposure is essential to not only traditional audience research, but also media effects research which relies on accurate estimates of media exposure. Even in the age of digital trace data and passive audience measurement, the workhorse of basically all communication research is self-report data. In this paper, I present a meta-analysis of the reliability and temporal stability of media exposure self-reports. Results show that media self-reported exposure was moderately reliable and highly stable. The estimated reliability was lower in youth samples, while rank-order stability was very similar for a adults and adolescents. Moderation analyses showed that exposure to specific outlets yielded more reliable information in adult samples, while media-specific differences in reliability were only found in youth samples.

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