The contribution of visual processing speed to visual and auditory working memory in early school years.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana J. Alghamdi ◽  
Melanie J. Murphy ◽  
Sheila G. Crewther
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Early School ◽  
Visual Processing Speed

Visual attention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder before and after stimulant treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2617-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie Low ◽  
Signe Vangkilde ◽  
Julijana le Sommer ◽  
Birgitte Fagerlund ◽  
Birte Glenthøj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Stimulant Medication ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Visual Processing Speed ◽  
Adhd Symptomatology

AbstractBackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which frequently persists into adulthood. The primary goal of the current study was to (a) investigate attentional functions of stimulant medication-naïve adults with ADHD, and (b) investigate the effects of 6 weeks of methylphenidate treatment on these functions.MethodsThe study was a prospective, non-randomized, non-blinded, 6-week follow-up design with 42 stimulant medication-naïve adult patients with ADHD, and 42 age and parental education-matched healthy controls. Assessments included measures of visual attention, based on Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), which yields five precise measures of aspects of visual attention; general psychopathology; ADHD symptoms; dyslexia screening; and estimates of IQ.ResultsAt baseline, significant differences were found between patients and controls on three attentional parameters: visual short-term memory capacity, threshold of conscious perception, and to a lesser extent visual processing speed. Secondary analyses revealed no significant correlations between TVA parameter estimates and severity of ADHD symptomatology. At follow-up, significant improvements were found specifically for visual processing speed; this improvement had a large effect size, and remained when controlling for re-test effects, IQ, and dyslexia screen performance. There were no significant correlations between changes in visual processing speed and changes in ADHD symptomatology.ConclusionsADHD in adults may be associated with deficits in three distinct aspects of visual attention. Improvements after 6 weeks of medication are seen specifically in visual processing speed, which could represent an improvement in alertness. Clinical symptoms and visual attentional deficits may represent separate aspects of ADHD in adults.

Phasic alertness cues modulate visual processing speed in healthy aging

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen Haupt ◽  
Christian Sorg ◽  
Natan Napiórkowski ◽  
Kathrin Finke
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Phasic Alertness ◽  
Visual Processing Speed

scholarly journals Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Based on Age, Gender, and Education Level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Hassanshahi ◽  
Zahra Asadollahi ◽  
Hossein Azin ◽  
Jalal Hassanshahi ◽  
Amin Hassanshahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Visual Processing Speed ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is defined as an inflammatory, progressive, and autoimmune disease in the central nervous system, recognized by its subsequent demyelination and neurodegeneration. Cognitive disorders are among the most severe problems in patients with MS, affecting their personal and professional life. This study is aimed to evaluate memory and visual learning, visual processing speed, and spatial perception in MS patients based on age, gender, and level of education. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 42 MS patients (based on McDonald’s criteria). The level of disability in patients was assessed using EDSS, and cognitive performance was evaluated by the use of judgment of line orientation (JLO), symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), and revised brief visuospatial memory test (BVMT-R). In this study, patients were within the age range of 20-51 years, 73.8% of which were female, and 61.9% had academic degrees. According to the classes of independent variables (gender, education level), no significant difference was observed in the mean scores of dependent variables (JLO, SDMT, and BVMR-T scores) (P>0.05). In addition, age as a confounding variable had no impact (P>0.05). In addition, gender and level of education had no significant interaction (P>0.05). According to the results of the study, age, gender, and education level had no significant effect on memory and visual learning, visual processing speed, and spatial perception.

Visual processing speed: effects of auditory input on visual processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Robinson ◽  
Vladimir M. Sloutsky
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
Visual Processing Speed

scholarly journals Exploring the Specificity, Synergy, and Durability of Auditory and Visual Computer Gameplay Transfer Effects in Healthy Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170-1180
Author(s):  
Mark E Faust ◽  
Kristi S Multhaup ◽  
Michelle S Ong ◽  
George J Demakis ◽  
Kelly G Balz
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Visual Computer

Abstract Objectives To determine whether auditory and visual computer games yield transfer effects that (a) are modality-specific to verbal memory (auditory stimulus presentation) and visual-processing tests, (b) affect working memory and processing speed, (c) are synergistic for combined game-type play, and (d) are durable. Method A Pilot Study (N = 44) assessed visual transfer effects in a two-group pre–post design. The Main Study (N = 151) employed a 2 (visual games: yes, no) × 2 (auditory games: yes, no) × 3 (test session: pretest, post-test, follow-up) design, allowing different training groups to act as active controls for each other. Neuropsychological test scores were aggregated into verbal-memory (auditory presentation), visual-processing, working-memory, and processing-speed indexes. Results Visual-processing and working-memory pre–post-training change scores were differentially modulated across the four gameplay groups in the main sample, demonstrating transfer effects differing across both active- and passive-control groups. Visual training yielded modality-specific transfer effects in both samples, transfer to working memory in the main sample, and transfer to processing speed in the pilot sample. There were no comparable transfer effects for auditory training. Combined-visual-and-auditory training failed to yield synergistic effects or any significant transfer effects. Visual-processing transfer effects remained significant at follow-up. Discussion Visual and auditory games differentially modulated transfer effects. Domain-specific visual transfer effects were found at post-test and were durable at follow-up. Visual gameplay holds potential to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline in visual cognition.

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