Supplemental Material for Play Therapy With African American Children Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Play Therapy ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
American Children

scholarly journals A Review of Adverse Childhood Experiences as Factors Influential to Biopsychosocial Development for Young Males of Color

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-202
Author(s):  
Shaywanna Harris ◽  
Christopher T. Belser ◽  
Naomi J. Wheeler ◽  
Andrea Dennison
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Latino Male ◽  
American Children ◽  
The Impact

Despite the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision ending school segregation in 1954, African American children and other children of color still experience severe and adverse challenges while receiving an education. Specifically, Black and Latino male students are at higher risk of being placed in special education classes, receiving lower grades, and being suspended or expelled from school. Although adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and the negative outcomes associated with experiencing them, are not specific to one racial or ethnic group, the impact of childhood adversity exacerbates the challenges experienced by male students of color at a biological, psychological, and sociological level. This article reviews the literature on how ACEs impact the biopsychosocial development and educational outcomes of young males of color (YMOC). A strengths-based perspective, underscoring resilience among YMOC, will be highlighted in presenting strategies to promote culturally responsive intervention with YMOC, focused professional development, and advocacy in the school counseling profession.

Adverse childhood experiences among previously homeless African American women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marin Schmitt ◽  
Anne Dressel ◽  
Maria Del Carmen Graf ◽  
Belinda Pittman ◽  
Emily Deal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
American Women ◽  
Adverse Childhood

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability and Inflammatory Stress Response in Young African American Men: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Tell ◽  
Robert L. Burr ◽  
Herbert L. Mathews ◽  
Linda Witek Janusek
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
African American ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Response To Stress

Background: African American men have a disproportionately higher incidence of and suffer greater severity and earlier death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). A common feature of many diseases, which disproportionately afflict disadvantaged African Americans, is inflammation. In particular, inflammation plays a decisive role in the pathogenesis of CVD in that persistent inflammation contributes to plaque evolution and destabilization. Adverse childhood experiences increase the risk for adult inflammatory based disease, particularly cardiovascular disease. This inflammatory burden becomes evident during stressful events and may be related to alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. We previously reported that African American men who experienced childhood adversity exhibited a greater inflammatory (IL-6) response to acute stress challenge (Trier Social Stress Test – TSST). The purpose of this study was to determine whether altered ANS activity, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), contributes to a greater proinflammatory response to stress in those exposed to childhood adversity.Methods: Thirty-four African American adult males underwent the TSST while instrumented with Holter monitors to record continuous heart rate for HRV determination. HRV was calculated as the low frequency (LF) to high frequency (HF) heart rate ratio (LF/HF), with higher LF/HF ratios corresponding to higher sympathetic vs. parasympathetic activity. Salivary samples were collected pre- and post-TSST to measure the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. Childhood adversity was assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.Results: Hierarchical linear modeling demonstrated that higher levels of physical abuse were related to a steeper rise in LF/HF ratio during the TSST. Further, a higher LF/HF ratio, in combination with greater exposure to emotional and physical abuse was associated with a greater IL-6 response to the TSST.Conclusions: These findings suggest that adverse childhood experiences associate with an adult phenotype characterized by an altered ANS response to stress as well as a greater proinflammatory (IL-6) response to an acute stressor. Elevations in salivary inflammatory markers have been associated with increased CVD risk. In conclusion, these findings suggest a role for the ANS in the underlying neuro-biological processes whereby childhood adversity predisposes to a more intense inflammatory response to stressful challenge during adulthood.

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