Severity of personality dysfunction predicts affect and self-efficacy in daily life.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ally M. Heiland ◽  
Jennifer C. Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Personality Dysfunction

scholarly journals Levels of Personality Functioning Predicting Daily Affect Stress and Self-Efficacy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ally M Heiland ◽  
Jennifer Veilleux
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Distress Intolerance ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Perceived Invalidation

According to the DSM-5 alterative model of personality disorders (AMPD), severity of personality dysfunction theoretically involves deficits in identity, self-direction, empathy, and intimacy. We predicted that people with greater personality dysfunction would experience more problems in daily life, particularly problems associated with self-efficacy for engaging with affect and self-control (i.e., subjective willpower and distress intolerance), along with greater intensity of life stressors and higher perceived invalidation from others. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants (N = 99) were randomly prompted seven times a day for one week, where they were asked questions about momentary affect, their perceived level of momentary distress tolerance, and their momentary willpower. Each night they were also asked about stressors experienced that day and intensity of their subjective response to those stressors, and their daily experience of being invalidated. Results found that higher personality dysfunction, assessed at baseline, predicted greater daily negative affect, less daily positive affect, more intensely experienced stressors, and more perceived invalidation. We also found that personality dysfunction interacted with positive affect in predicting momentary self-efficacy and daily invalidation; people with greater personality dysfunction experienced lower momentary willpower, higher distress intolerance and stronger perceived invalidation alongside lower positive affect. These findings provide evidence that personality functioning influences daily life, as well as support the use of the AMPD in conceptualizing personality pathology

Beliefs about emotion shift dynamically alongside momentary affect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Veilleux ◽  
Elise Warner ◽  
Danielle Baker ◽  
Kaitlyn Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
Emotion Beliefs ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

This study examined if beliefs about emotion change across emotional contexts in daily life, and investigated whether people with prominent features of borderline personality pathology experience greater shifts in emotion beliefs during emotional states compared to people without borderline features. Undergraduate participants with (n = 49) and without borderline features (n = 50) completed a one week ecological momentary assessment study where 7x/day they provided ratings of affect, nine different beliefs about emotion and indicators of momentary self-efficacy. Results indicated a significant between-person element to emotion beliefs, supporting the notion of beliefs as relatively schematic. In addition, people with borderline features generally experienced greater instability of beliefs over time compared to people without borderline features. In addition, most of the beliefs about emotion shifted with either positive or negative affect. For many of the emotion beliefs, the relationships between affect and belief were moderated by borderline group. Finally, momentary beliefs about emotion also predicted momentary self-efficacy for tolerating distress and exerting willpower. Taken together, results confirm that beliefs about emotion can fluctuate in daily life and that there are implications for emotion beliefs for people who struggle with emotion regulation and impulsivity (i.e., people with features of borderline personality) as well as for self-efficacy in tolerating emotion and engaging in goal-directed action.

scholarly journals Effects of expected task difficulty on metacognitive confidence and multitasking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine Tamara Sherman ◽  
Anil Seth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Prior Probability ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Perceptual Discrimination ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Decision Confidence

In daily life, repeated experiences with a task (e.g. driving) will generally result in the development of a belief about one’s ability (“I am a good driver”). Here we ask how such beliefs, termed self-efficacy, interact with metacognitive confidence judgements. Across three pre-registered experiments, participants performed a perceptual discrimination task and reported their decision confidence. We induced contextual beliefs about performance (our operationalisation of self-efficacy) by manipulating the prior probability of an easy or hard trial occurring in each block. In Experiment 1 easy and hard trials generated the same levels of performance (a “subjective difficulty” manipulation), whereas in Experiments 2 and 3 performance differed across difficulty conditions (an “objective difficulty” manipulation). Results showed that context (self-efficacy) and difficulty interacted multiplicatively, consistent with the notion that confidence judgements combine decision evidence with a prior (contextual) belief on being correct. This occurred despite context having no corresponding effect on performance. We reasoned that performing tasks in easy contexts may reduce cognitive “load”, and tested this, in Experiment 3, by instructing participants to perform two tasks concurrently. Consistent with a reduction in load, the effects of context transferred from influencing confidence on our primary task to improving performance on the secondary task. Taken together, these studies reveal that contextual beliefs about performance facilitate multitasking, potentially by reducing the load of tasks believed to be easy, and they extend psychophysical investigations of perceptual decision-making by incorporating ‘higher-order’ beliefs about difficulty context, corresponding to intuitive notions of self-efficacy.

The Relationship Between Hearing Aid Self-Efficacy and Hearing Aid Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Kelly-Campbell ◽  
Anna McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Hearing Handicap ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Audiologic Rehabilitation ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy for hearing aids (HAs) and satisfaction with HAs in a group of adult HA owners. Method Forty-seven adults acquiring HAs (new and experienced owners) completed a demographic questionnaire, the Hearing Handicap Questionnaire (Gatehouse & Noble, 2004), and received an audiometric evaluation prior to HA fitting. Twelve weeks following the completion of the HA fitting, they completed the Measure of Audiologic Rehabilitation Self-Efficacy for Hearing Aids (Smith & West, 2006) and the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life (Cox & Alexander, 1999) questionnaires. Results There were no significant differences between experienced and new HA owners in terms of self-efficacy or HA satisfaction. The majority of participants had adequate self-efficacy for basic HA handling and adjustment to HAs. Fewer participants had adequate self-efficacy for aided listening and advanced handling of HAs. HA self-efficacy was related to HA satisfaction in three domains: positive effect and negative features of HAs and service and cost. Conclusion Many HA owners do not have adequate self-efficacy in important HA-related domains. Clinical intervention to improve self-efficacy for HAs may help improve HA satisfaction.

Self-Efficacy as a Mechanism Linking Daily Stress to Mental Health in Students: A Three-Wave Cross-Lagged Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2074-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Schönfeld ◽  
Julia Brailovskaia ◽  
Xiao Chi Zhang ◽  
Jürgen Margraf
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Background and Objectives While stress is generally well established to be predictive for different indicators of mental health, little is known about the longitudinal effects of daily life stressors and the role of self-evaluation factors. We tested whether perceived general self-efficacy is a mediator for the association between daily life stressors and psychopathological symptoms as well as subjective well-being. Methods Data derived from 2160 Chinese university students was assessed at three time points with one-year intervals. We used the Brief Daily Stressor Screening, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Positive Mental Health Scale, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales. Total, direct, and indirect effects were estimated using 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals and structural equation modeling. Results Latent variable mediation analyses showed that daily stressors were associated with increased symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress and with decreased subjective well-being. All cross-lagged mediational paths via self-efficacy were significant in predicting positive and negative mental health. Conclusions Considering stress of daily life as well as including the two dimensions of mental health may be important for future research and practice. This study provides novel evidence for mediating stress effects by perceived self-efficacy, which should be focused in intervention- and prevention-based approaches.

scholarly journals The Role of Sleep Quality, Social Support and Fatigue on Daily Life Self-Efficacy in People with Spinal Cord Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Simin Zeqeibi Ghannad1 ◽  
Tayebe Fateminik ◽  
Sirus Alipoor ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cord Injury

Beliefs About Emotion Shift Dynamically Alongside Momentary Affect

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Veilleux ◽  
Elise A. Warner ◽  
Danielle E. Baker ◽  
Kaitlyn D. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Assessment Study ◽  
Emotion Beliefs ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

This study examined if beliefs about emotion change across emotional contexts in daily life, and it investigated whether people with prominent features of borderline personality pathology experience greater shifts in emotion beliefs during emotional states. Undergraduate participants with (n = 49) and without borderline features (n = 50) completed a 1-week ecological momentary assessment study where they provided ratings of affect, nine different beliefs about emotion, and indicators of momentary self-efficacy. Results support the notion of beliefs as relatively schematic. However, most of the beliefs about emotion shifted with either positive or negative affect, and they predicted momentary self-efficacy for tolerating distress and exerting willpower. Those with borderline features experienced greater instability of beliefs, and borderline features moderated the relationships between affect and many beliefs. Results confirm that there are implications for emotion beliefs for people who struggle with emotion regulation and impulsivity (i.e., people with features of borderline personality).

Community integration and related factors among people with mental illness in Japan: Multiple regression analysis stratified by social isolation level

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-622
Author(s):  
Ai Shioda ◽  
Keita Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Specific Factors

Backgroud and Aim: Community integration is an essential for people with mental illness that affects their health and quality of life. The objective of this study is to find the factors useful in improving community integration of people with mental illness. Methods: The study method was self-reporting questionnaires for people with mental illness living in the community. The decision tree analysis revealed that people with mental illness into high or low social isolation level strata. Multiple regression analyses stratified by using two social isolation levels were conducted. Results: Common factors among the strata were living environment of formal care accessibility and daily life activity. Specific factors for social isolation low-level stratum were self-efficacy for coping with symptoms, self-efficacy for social relationships, healthy lifestyle habits, treatment, exchange daily life information with friends and family members. Specific factors for social isolation high-level stratum were self-efficacy for daily living, self-efficacy for treatment-related behavior and satisfaction with formal care. All specific factors were positively associated with community integration. Conclusions: The findings suggest the devising interventions to enhance community integration by social isolation level among people with mental illness.

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