Supplemental Material for Examining the Association Between Childhood Cognitive Ability and Psychopathic Traits at Age 48

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Examining the association between childhood cognitive ability and psychopathic traits at age 48.

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kavish ◽  
Henriette Bergstrøm ◽  
Chelsey Narvey ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
David P. Farrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
The Life Course

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Stressors from the Total Environment Associated with Children’s General Cognitive Ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5451
Author(s):  
Frances M. Nilsen ◽  
Jazmin D.C. Ruiz ◽  
Nicolle S. Tulve
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Total Environment

General cognitive ability, often referred to as ‘general intelligence’, comprises a variety of correlated abilities. Childhood general cognitive ability is a well-studied area of research and can be used to predict social outcomes and perceived success. Early life stage (e.g., prenatal, postnatal, toddler) exposures to stressors (i.e., chemical and non-chemical stressors from the total (built, natural, social) environment) can impact the development of childhood cognitive ability. Building from our systematic scoping review (Ruiz et al., 2016), we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate more than 100 stressors related to cognitive development. Our meta-analysis identified 23 stressors with a significant increase in their likelihood to influence childhood cognitive ability by 10% or more, and 80 stressors were observed to have a statistically significant effect on cognitive ability. Stressors most impactful to cognition during the prenatal period were related to maternal health and the mother’s ability to access information relevant to a healthy pregnancy (e.g., diet, lifestyle). Stressors most impactful to cognition during the early childhood period were dietary nutrients (infancy), quality of social interaction (toddler), and exposure to toxic substances (throughout early childhood). In conducting this analysis, we examined the relative impact of real-world exposures on cognitive development to attempt to understand the inter-relationships between exposures to both chemical and non-chemical stressors and early developmental life stages. Our findings suggest that the stressors observed to be the most influential to childhood cognitive ability are not permanent and can be broadly categorized as activities/behaviors which can be modified to improve childhood cognition. This meta-analysis supports the idea that there are complex relationships between a child’s total environment and early cognitive development.

scholarly journals Do childhood socioeconomic circumstances moderate the association between childhood cognitive ability and all-cause mortality across the life course? Prospective observational study of the 36-day sample of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e037847
Author(s):  
Matthew Henry Iveson ◽  
Drew Altschul ◽  
Ian Deary
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Moderating Role

BackgroundThere is growing evidence that higher childhood cognitive ability predicts lower all-cause mortality risk across the life course. Whereas this association does not appear to be mediated by childhood socioeconomic circumstances, it is unclear whether socioeconomic circumstances moderate this association.MethodsThe moderating role of childhood socioeconomic circumstances was assessed in 5318 members of the 36-day sample of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947. Univariate, sex-adjusted and age-adjusted, and mutually adjusted Cox models predicting all-cause mortality risk up to age 79 years were created using childhood IQ scores and childhood social class as predictors. Moderation was assessed by adding an interaction term between IQ scores and social class and comparing model fit.ResultsAn SD advantage in childhood IQ scores (HR=0.83, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.86, p<0.001) and a single-class advantage in childhood social class (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97, p<0.001) independently predicted lower mortality risk. Adding the IQ–social class interaction effect did not improve model fit (χ2Δ=1.36, p=0.24), and the interaction effect did not predict mortality risk (HR=1.03, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.07, p=0.25).ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that the association between higher childhood cognitive ability and lower all-cause mortality risk is not conditional on childhood social class. Whereas other measures of socioeconomic circumstances may play a moderating role, these findings suggest that the benefits of higher childhood cognitive ability for longevity apply regardless of the material socioeconomic circumstances experienced in childhood.

Childhood cognitive ability and its relationship with anxiety and depression in adolescence

2014 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weeks ◽  
T.C. Wild ◽  
G.B. Ploubidis ◽  
K. Naicker ◽  
J. Cairney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Cognition at age 70

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (23) ◽  
pp. e2144-e2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Lu ◽  
Jennifer M. Nicholas ◽  
Jessica D. Collins ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Thomas D. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Later Life ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Nonverbal Reasoning

ObjectiveTo investigate predictors of performance on a range of cognitive measures including the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC) and test for associations between cognition and dementia biomarkers in Insight 46, a substudy of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development.MethodsA total of 502 individuals born in the same week in 1946 underwent cognitive assessment at age 69–71 years, including an adapted version of the PACC and a test of nonverbal reasoning. Performance was characterized with respect to sex, childhood cognitive ability, education, and socioeconomic position (SEP). In a subsample of 406 cognitively normal participants, associations were investigated between cognition and β-amyloid (Aβ) positivity (determined from Aβ-PET imaging), whole brain volumes, white matter hyperintensity volumes (WMHV), and APOE ε4.ResultsChildhood cognitive ability was strongly associated with cognitive scores including the PACC more than 60 years later, and there were independent effects of education and SEP. Sex differences were observed on every PACC subtest. In cognitively normal participants, Aβ positivity and WMHV were independently associated with lower PACC scores, and Aβ positivity was associated with poorer nonverbal reasoning. Aβ positivity and WMHV were not associated with sex, childhood cognitive ability, education, or SEP. Normative data for 339 cognitively normal Aβ-negative participants are provided.ConclusionsThis study adds to emerging evidence that subtle cognitive differences associated with Aβ deposition are detectable in older adults, at an age when dementia prevalence is very low. The independent associations of childhood cognitive ability, education, and SEP with cognitive performance at age 70 have implications for interpretation of cognitive data in later life.

scholarly journals Childhood cognitive ability accounts for associations between cognitive ability and brain cortical thickness in old age

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Karama ◽  
M E Bastin ◽  
C Murray ◽  
N A Royle ◽  
L Penke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability
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