scholarly journals Assessing hyperactivation and deactivation strategies of the caregiving behavioral system: Psychometric studies of the Portuguese version of the Caregiving System Scale.

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Moreira ◽  
Ana Fonseca ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver ◽  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Maria Cristina Canavarro
Keyword(s):  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
Psychometric Studies

The Caregiving System Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Colledani ◽  
Anna M. Meneghini ◽  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Gender Invariance ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Provision Of Care

Abstract. According to attachment theory, the propensity of human beings to care for others is governed by an inborn caregiving behavioral system that aims to promote welfare and reduce the distress of other people through effective provision of care. However, some individuals may develop non-optimal caregiving strategies, such as anxious hyperactivation and avoidant deactivation. These two non-optimal caregiving strategies can be evaluated in adults using the Caregiving System Scale (CSS). Recent findings suggested that the factor structure of the instrument may be more complex than was intended. The present work examines in-depth the factor structure of the CSS to provide a clearer understanding of the underlying dimensions. Gender invariance and the contribution of attachment orientations to CSS scores are also examined. Findings reveal that, whereas the CSS-deactivation subscale is unidimensional, the CSS-hyperactivation subscale is better represented by two distinct yet related constructs – caregiving-related worries/doubts and intrusive/coercive caregiving. Partial strict gender invariance is supported. The contribution of attachment orientations to non-optimal caregiving strategies is consistent with theoretical expectations. Results and future research directions are discussed in the final section.

Adult Attachment and Compassion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Behavioral System ◽  
Optimal Functioning ◽  
Sense Of Security

According to attachment theory (Bowlby, 1973, 1982), the optimal functioning of the attachment behavioral system and the resulting sense of security in dealing with life’s challenges and difficulties facilitate the functioning of other behavioral systems, including the caregiving system that governs the activation of prosocial behavior and compassionate acts of helping needy others. In this chapter, we focus on what we have learned about the interplay of the attachment and caregiving systems and their effects on compassion and altruism. We begin by explaining the behavioral system construct in more detail and show how individual differences in a person’s attachment system affect the functioning of the caregiving system. We review examples from the literature on attachment, focusing on what attachment theorists call providing a “safe haven” for needy others. We then review studies that have shown how individual differences in attachment affect empathy, compassion, and support provision.

Caregiving System Scale--Portuguese Version

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Moreira ◽  
Ana Fonseca ◽  
Phillip R. Shaver ◽  
Mario Mikulincer ◽  
Maria Cristina Canavarro
Keyword(s):  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Caregiving System

Maternal Perception of Infants’ Expressions of Emotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krippl ◽  
Stephanie Ast-Scheitenberger ◽  
Ina Bovenschen ◽  
Gottfried Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Startle Amplitude ◽  
Caregiving System ◽  
Parental Caregiving ◽  
Opponent Process ◽  
Opponent Process Theory ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Methodological Considerations

In light of Lang’s differentiation of the aversive and the approach system – and assumptions stemming from attachment theory – this study investigates the role of the approach or caregiving system for processing infant emotional stimuli by comparing IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and videos. IAPS pictures, infant pictures, and infant videos of positive, neutral, or negative content were presented to 69 mothers, accompanied by randomized startle probes. The assessment of emotional responses included subjective ratings of valence and arousal, corrugator activity, the startle amplitude, and electrodermal activity. In line with Lang’s original conception, the typical startle response pattern was found for IAPS pictures, whereas no startle modulation was observed for infant pictures. Moreover, the startle amplitudes during negative video scenes depicting crying infants were reduced. The results are discussed with respect to several theoretical and methodological considerations, including Lang’s theory, emotion regulation, opponent process theory, and the parental caregiving system.

Psychometric study of the Portuguese version of the Family Distress Index (FDI).

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Fonseca ◽  
Carla Crespo ◽  
Laurie D. McCubbin ◽  
Neide Areia ◽  
Ana Paula Relvas
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Study ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Distress

Children's Hope Scale—Portuguese Version

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana C. Marques ◽  
J. L. Pais-Ribeiro ◽  
Shane J. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Children’S Hope Scale

Psychiatric In-patients Comfort Scale—Portuguese Version

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luis Alves-Apóstolo ◽  
Katherine Kolkaba ◽  
Aida Cruz-Mendes ◽  
Maria Teresa Calvario-Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Portuguese Version
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