scholarly journals Adult age differences in the benefit of syntactic and semantic constraints for sentence processing.

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Beese ◽  
Markus Werkle-Bergner ◽  
Ulman Lindenberger ◽  
Angela D. Friederici ◽  
Lars Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Semantic Constraints ◽  
Adult Age Differences

scholarly journals Adult age differences in the effects of goals on self-regulated sentence processing.

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. L. Stine-Morrow ◽  
Matthew C. Shake ◽  
Joseph R. Miles ◽  
Soo Rim Noh
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Age Differences

Temporal Discounting Across Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendra Leigh Seaman ◽  
Sade J Abiodun ◽  
Zöe Fenn ◽  
Gregory Russell Samanez-Larkin ◽  
Rui Mata
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Total N ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Adult Age Differences ◽  
Choice Tasks

A number of developmental theories have been proposed that make differential predictions about the links between age and temporal discounting; that is, the valuation of rewards at different points in time. Most empirical studies examining adult age differences in temporal discounting have relied on economic intertemporal choice tasks, which pit choosing a smaller, sooner monetary reward against choosing a larger, later one. Although initial studies using these tasks suggested older adults discount less than younger adults, follow-up studies provided heterogeneous, and thus inconclusive, results. Using an open science approach, we test the replicability of adult age differences in temporal discounting by conducting a preregistered systematic literature search and meta-analysis of adult age differences in intertemporal choice tasks. Across 37 cross-sectional studies (Total N = 104,736), we found no reliable relation between age and temporal discounting (r = -0.081, 95% CI [-0.185, 0.025]). We also found little evidence of publication bias or p-hacking. Exploratory analyses of moderators found no effect of experimental design (e.g., extreme-group vs. continuous age), incentives (hypothetical vs. rewards), amount of delay (e.g., days, weeks, months, or years), or quantification of discounting behavior (e.g., proportion of immediate choices vs. parameters from computational modeling). Additional analyses of 12 participant-level data sets found little support for a nonlinear relation between age and temporal discounting across adulthood. Overall, the results suggest that adult age is not reliably associated with individual differences in temporal discounting. We provide recommendations for future empirical work on temporal discounting across the adult life span.

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