Is subjective memory specific for memory performance or general across cognitive domains? Findings from the Seattle Longitudinal Study.

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizem Hülür ◽  
Sherry L. Willis ◽  
Christopher Hertzog ◽  
K. Warner Schaie ◽  
Denis Gerstorf
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Seattle Longitudinal Study

Fear of memory decline predicts lower quality of life and increased memory failures in older adults: Preliminary findings from a novel fear-avoidance of memory decline scale.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Farina ◽  
Marc Patrick Bennett ◽  
James William Griffith ◽  
Bert Lenaert
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Fear Avoidance ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
The Impact

Evidence concerning the impact of fear of memory decline on health-related outcomes is limited. To determine the relationship between fear-avoidance of memory decline, quality of life and subjective memory in older adults using a novel scale to measure fear of memory decline. Sixty-seven older adults (59-81 years) completed a 23-item self-report questionnaire designed to capture experiential, cognitive and behavioral components of fear of memory decline, known as the fear and avoidance of memory decline (FAM) scale. Memory performance was assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV) and the Memory Failures Scale (MFS). General anxiety was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Quality of life was assessed using the Older Person’s Quality of Life scale (OPQOL-35). The FAM scale demonstrated good reliability and validity. Three latent factors were observed including: (1) fear-avoidance, (2) problematic beliefs and (3) resilience. After adjusting for age, education, memory performance and general anxiety, higher fear-avoidance predicted lower quality of life (p=.021) and increased memory failures (p=.022). Increased fear of memory decline predicts lower quality of life and subjective memory failures in healthy older adults. Based on these findings, we propose a preliminary fear-avoidance model that explains the development and maintenance of dementia-related functional disability in terms of psychological processes.

scholarly journals Individual differences in experienced and observational decision-making illuminate interactions between reinforcement learning and declarative memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batel Yifrah ◽  
Ayelet Ramaty ◽  
Genela Morris ◽  
Avi Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Reinforcement Learning Models ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

AbstractDecision making can be shaped both by trial-and-error experiences and by memory of unique contextual information. Moreover, these types of information can be acquired either by means of active experience or by observing others behave in similar situations. The interactions between reinforcement learning parameters that inform decision updating and memory formation of declarative information in experienced and observational learning settings are, however, unknown. In the current study, participants took part in a probabilistic decision-making task involving situations that either yielded similar outcomes to those of an observed player or opposed them. By fitting alternative reinforcement learning models to each subject, we discerned participants who learned similarly from experience and observation from those who assigned different weights to learning signals from these two sources. Participants who assigned different weights to their own experience versus those of others displayed enhanced memory performance as well as subjective memory strength for episodes involving significant reward prospects. Conversely, memory performance of participants who did not prioritize their own experience over others did not seem to be influenced by reinforcement learning parameters. These findings demonstrate that interactions between implicit and explicit learning systems depend on the means by which individuals weigh relevant information conveyed via experience and observation.

scholarly journals Orientation and verbal fluency in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: modifiable risk factors for falls?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Smith ◽  
S. R. Neal ◽  
G. Peryer ◽  
K. J. Sheehan ◽  
M. P. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine the relationship between falls and deficits in specific cognitive domains in older adults.Design:An analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort.Setting:United Kingdom community-based.Participants:5197 community-dwelling older adults recruited to a prospective longitudinal cohort study.Measurements:Data on the occurrence of falls and number of falls, which occurred during a 12-month follow-up period, were assessed against the specific cognitive domains of memory, numeracy skills, and executive function. Binomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between each cognitive domain and the dichotomous outcome of falls in the preceding 12 months using unadjusted and adjusted models.Results:Of the 5197 participants included in the analysis, 1308 (25%) reported a fall in the preceding 12 months. There was no significant association between the occurrence of a fall and specific forms of cognitive dysfunction after adjusting for self-reported hearing, self-reported eyesight, and functional performance. After adjustment, only orientation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.65–0.98, p = 0.03) and verbal fluency (adjusted OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.00; p = 0.05) remained significant for predicting recurrent falls.Conclusions:The cognitive phenotype rather than cognitive impairmentper semay predict future falls in those presenting with more than one fall.

scholarly journals Episodic memory performance in a multi-ethnic longitudinal study of 13,037 elderly

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0206803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonjoo Lee ◽  
Xingtao Zhou ◽  
Yizhe Gao ◽  
Badri Vardarajan ◽  
Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance

scholarly journals Symptoms of Depression in a Large Healthy Population Cohort are related to Subjective Memory Complaints and Memory Performance in Negative Contexts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Schweizer ◽  
Rogier A. Kievit ◽  
Tina Emery ◽  
Richard N. Henson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
General Population ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDecades of research have investigated the impact of clinical depression on memory, which has revealed biases and in some cases impairments. However, little is understood about the effects of sub-clinical symptoms of depression on memory performance in the general population. Here we report the effects of symptoms of depression on memory problems in a large population-derived cohort (N = 2544), 87% of whom reported at least one symptom of depression. Specifically, we investigate the impact of depressive symptoms on subjective memory complaints, objective memory performance on a standard neuropsychological task and, in a subsample (n = 288), objective memory in affective contexts. There was a dissociation between subjective and objective memory performance, with depressive symptoms showing a robust relationship with self-reports of memory complaints, even after adjusting for age, gender, general cognitive ability and symptoms of anxiety, but not with performance on the standardised measure of verbal memory. Contrary to our expectations, hippocampal volume (assessed in a subsample, n = 592) did not account for significant variance in subjective memory, objective memory or depressive symptoms. Nonetheless, depressive symptoms were related to poorer memory for pictures presented in negative contexts, even after adjusting for memory for pictures in neutral contexts. Thus the symptoms of depression, associated with subjective memory complaints, appear better assessed by memory performance in affective contexts, rather than standardised memory measures. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the impact of depressive symptoms on memory functioning in the general population.

Improved Mood Boosts Memory Training Gains in Older Adults With Subjective Memory Complaints: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufei Yin ◽  
Xinyi Zhu ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Lijuan Huo ◽  
Weicong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Group Counseling ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression

Abstract Objective: Older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC) have a higher risk of dementia and commonly demonstrate symptoms of depression and anxiety. The study aimed to examine the effect of a memory training program for individuals with SMC, and whether memory training combined with group counseling aimed at alleviating depression and anxiety would boost memory training gains.Design: A three-armed, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.Setting and Participants: Community-dwelling older adults with SMC, aged ≥ 60 years.Methods: Participants (n = 124) were randomly assigned to memory training (MT), group counseling (GC), or GC+MT intervention. The GT+MT group received 4-hour group counseling followed by a 4-week memory training, while the MT group attended reading and memory training, and the GC group received group counseling and health lectures. Cognitive function and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed at baseline, mid-, and post-intervention. The GC+MT group and GC group had resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at mid- and post-intervention.Results: After group counseling, the GC+MT and GC groups showed reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression, compared to the MT group. Memory training enhanced memory performance in both MT and GC+MT groups, but the GC+MT group demonstrated larger memory improvement (Cohen’s d = 0.96) than the MT group (Cohen’s d = 0.62). Amygdala-hippocampus connectivity was associated with improved mood and memory gains.Conclusion and Implications: Group counseling reduced symptoms of anxiety and depression, and memory training enhanced memory performance. Specifically, improved mood induced larger memory training effects. The results suggest that it may need to include treatment for depression and anxiety in memory intervention for older adults with SMC.Trial Registration: ChiCTR-IOR-15006165 in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.

scholarly journals Cognitive Functions Predict Trajectories of Sleepiness Over 10 Years: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann D Cohen ◽  
Yichen Jia ◽  
Stephen Smagula ◽  
Chung-Chou H Chang ◽  
Beth Snitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Latent Trajectory

Abstract Background Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with chronic disorders of aging and mortality. Because longitudinal data are limited on the development of sleep disturbances and cognitive changes in older adults, we investigated the demographic, clinical, and cognitive predictors of self-reported daytime sleepiness over a period of 10 years. Methods We jointly modeled latent trajectories over time of sleepiness, cognitive domains, and informative attrition and then fit models to identify cognitive trajectories and baseline characteristics that predicted the trajectories of sleepiness. Results Three latent trajectory groups were identified: emerging sleepiness, persistent sleepiness, and consistently low daytime sleepiness accounting for attrition in all groups. Compared with low sleepiness, emerging sleepiness was significantly associated with declining attention and subjective memory complaints; persistent sleepiness was associated with lower baseline scores in all cognitive domains, declining language trajectory, and more subjective memory complaints. Conclusions These findings suggest that persistent sleepiness and emerging daytime sleepiness are associated with cognitive decline and multiple morbidities, albeit more subtly in emerging daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, these data suggest that change in the cognitive domain of attention and subjective memory complaints may be early indicators of future sleep disturbance.

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