Work stressors and partner social undermining: Comparing negative affect and psychological detachment as mechanisms.

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurenz L. Meier ◽  
Eunae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Social Undermining ◽  
Psychological Detachment

scholarly journals Effects of workplace incivility on employees’ well-being: an examination of boundary conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Daniela Adiyaman
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
Diary Studies

Uncivil behaviours from insider as well as outsider members of the organization are commonly experienced and may have detrimental effects on employee’s well-being. While previous diary studies demonstrated that such effects might already appear within the same day, few investigated how long they might last. Moreover, previous studies that examined targets of incivility’s stress reaction mainly focused on emotions and neglected that such interpersonal misconduct might also impair employees’ self-esteem. In addition, previous studies on the boundary conditions of experienced incivility’s effects showed that resources are crucial to cope with experienced incivility’ effects. However, few studies considered the close social context and specifically whether targets observe others being rudely treated as well, which may also buffer targets’ stress reaction. In addition, employees may have to cope with many job stressors (included incivility) but resources are limited, thus they may lack the resources to successfully cope with experienced incivility’s effects. We therefore conducted two first diary studies to examine the short-term effects of experienced incivility on employees’ well-being (angry and depressive mood and self-esteem) as well as the lagged effects on general negative affect. In a third filed study, we also examined customer incivility’ effects on exhaustion and job satisfaction. In addition, we investigated the buffering role of observed incivility as well as the exacerbating role of some work stressors (workload, organizational constraints and an organizational change). Our findings revealed that experienced incivility positively related to angry, depressive mood and exhaustion and negatively related to self-esteem and job satisfaction. With regard to the boundary conditions, observed incivility did buffer experienced incivility’s effects on depressive mood and self-esteem. Unexpectedly however, the organizational change also buffered customer incivility’ effects on job satisfaction. Finally and in line with the depletion of resources assumption, workload did exacerbate experienced incivility’s effect on general negative affect. Overall, the present research confirms the harmful effects of experienced incivility on employees’ well-being. Moreover, it highlights that sharing experiences of incivility with other victims may buffer targets’ strain and on the contrary, facing some work stressors may exacerbate it.

Those Closest Wield the Sharpest Knife: How Ingratiation Leads to Resentment and Social Undermining of the CEO

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth D. Keeves ◽  
James D. Westphal ◽  
Michael L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Racial Minority ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Interpersonal Behavior ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Social Undermining ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The U.S

Using survey data from CEOs and other top managers at large and mid-sized public companies in the U.S., as well as from journalists, we explore how ingratiation, a fundamental means of building and maintaining one’s social capital, may trigger behavior that damages the social capital of the person being ingratiated. Although ingratiation, such as flattery or opinion conformity, may elicit positive affect from its target, we suggest it can also elicit a specific form of negative affect toward the target, which in turn can trigger interpersonal harm-doing. Focusing on ingratiation by top managers toward the CEO, we find that ingratiating managers are likely to develop feelings of resentment toward the CEO and that ingratiation may be especially likely to elicit resentment among top managers when the CEO is a racial minority or a woman. We also find that negative affect from ingratiation can induce interpersonal behavior that has the potential to damage the social capital of the influence target, as feelings of resentment that result from ingratiatory behavior can trigger social undermining of the CEO in the manager’s communications with journalists.

scholarly journals The effects of Work Flow and leisure satisfaction on employees’ affect:

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
SoRi Park ◽  
YooJin Ha ◽  
EunKyoung Chung ◽  
HyunKook Sohn ◽  
YoungWoo Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Work Flow ◽  
Optimal Experience ◽  
Leisure Satisfaction ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Psychological Detachment

In this paper, optimal experience that enhances positive affect and life satisfaction was explored based on the previous findings that defensive mechanism such as psychological detachment and relaxation does not promote positive affect but mastery experience does. Also the work-related factors and non-work-related factors among optimal experience were compared in terms of their influences on the arousal of positive affect. Lastly, the mediating effect of sleep quality on optimal experience was examined. The survey data were gathered from 142 conglomerate employees and work flow and leisure satisfaction were suggested as recovery mechanisms since each represents optimal experience in the work-related domain and non-work- related domain. In the first correlational analysis, psychological detachment and relaxation were negatively associated with negative affect whereas no significant correlation with positive affect was found, which was consistent with the previous findings. Work flow and leisure satisfaction were positively associated with positive affect while they are negatively associated with negative affect. In the hierarchical regression analysis, work flow and leisure satisfaction were compared in terms of their impacts on individuals’ affect. Predicting positive affect, work flow was the only significant predictor of the positive affect experienced next morning even when sex, age, school, usual positive/negative affect, and work satisfaction were controlled. Sleep quality significantly mediated the relation between work flow and positive affect experienced in the next morning. The result suggests that optimal experience such as work flow promotes a positive change not only in the affective level but also in the physiological level. The implications and limitations of this study and the directions for the future research were discussed.

Work-Related Smartphone Use and Well-Being in the Evening

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ohly ◽  
Alessa Latour
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Psychological Detachment ◽  
Controlled Motivation ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Using Data

Recent research has revealed that use of smartphones for work in the evening is associated with lower well-being. In this study, based on self-determination theory, we examined the role of autonomous and controlled motivation for well-being in the evening. Hierarchical regression analyses using data from 1,714 working individuals revealed that work-related smartphone usage in the evening was positively related to psychological detachment, but unrelated to recovery and negative affect, and negatively related to positive affect. Autonomous motivation for smartphone usage in the evening was positively related to recovery, psychological detachment, and positive affect. Controlled motivation was significantly related to positive and negative affect in the expected direction. These results indicate that the motivation behind individuals’ smartphone use in the evening matters for their well-being.

Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

The Blank in the Mind Questionnaire (BIMQ)

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Moraitou ◽  
Anastasia Efklides
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Memory Failure ◽  
Temporary Memory ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Metacognitive awareness of memory failure may take the form of the “blank in the mind” (BIM) experience. The BIM experience informs the person of a temporary memory failure and takes the form of a disruption in the flow of consciousness, of a moment of no content in awareness. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Blank in the Mind Questionnaire (BIMQ) designed to tap the BIM experience and differentiate it from other memory-related experiences, such as searching but not having in memory a piece of information (i.e., lack of knowledge). The participants (N = 493) were 249 younger adults (18–30 years old) and 244 older adults (63–89 years old) of both genders. Confirmatory factor analysis applied to the BIMQ confirmed a three-factor model with interrelations between the factors. The first factor represented the experience of lack of knowledge, the second represented the experience of BIM, and the third the person’s negative affective reactions to memory failure. The internal consistency of the three factors ranged from Cronbach’s α = .80 to .88. Convergent validity was shown with correlations of the BIMQ factors with self-report measures of cognitive and memory failures, and to the negative-affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).

The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Positive and Negative Affect

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Joshanloo ◽  
Ali Bakhshi
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Invariance Testing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scalar Invariance ◽  
Gender Groups

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.

Detachment From Work in Airport Hotels

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Home Base ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Psychological Detachment ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Psychological Detachment From Work

The work of airline pilots is demanding and must be followed by rest periods (slips) so that pilots recover sufficiently well to keep flying safely. When slips occur away from home base, pilots are usually accommodated in a hotel. This paper reviews the phenomenon of psychological detachment from work (i.e., not thinking about work) and its implications for pilot accommodation and recovery. The review suggests that pilots accommodated in hotels located in or close to airports may be less able to psychologically detach from work during slips, with implications for recovery, fatigue, and ultimately safety. The paper presents a rationale for considering psychological detachment from work when evaluating the quality of hotels chosen for pilots.

Feeling Like a Burden

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
James H. Wirth ◽  
Ashley Batts Allen ◽  
Emily M. Zitek
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Self Compassion

Abstract. We examined the negative outcomes, particularly social costs that result when a person harms their group by performing poorly, and whether self-compassion could buffer against these negative outcomes. In Studies 1 and 2, participants performed poorly and harmed their group or performed equal to their group. Harmful poor-performing participants felt more burdensome, experienced more negative affect, felt more ostracized, anticipated more exclusion, and felt lowered self-esteem than equal-performing participants. Studies 3 and 4 disentangled poor performance from harming a group. Poor-performing participants either harmed the group or caused no harm. Harmful poor-performing participants felt more burdensome and anticipated more exclusion, indicating the additional social consequences of a harmful poor performance over a non-harmful performance. Across studies, trait self-compassion was associated with reduced negative effects.

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