A call for theory to support the use of causal-formative indicators: A commentary on Bollen and Diamantopoulos (2017).

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Formative Indicators

scholarly journals In defense of causal-formative indicators: A minority report.

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Bollen ◽  
Adamantios Diamantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Formative Indicators ◽  
Minority Report

Rethinking balanced scorecard (BSC) measures: formative versus reflective measurement models

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungbum Park ◽  
Heeseok Lee ◽  
Seong Wook Chae
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formative Measurement ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Formative Indicators

Purpose Most empirical balanced scorecard (BSC) studies have shown a tendency to wrongly employ reflective indicators instead of the more theoretically suitable formative indicators. However, formative indicators are difficult to apply due to the lack of statistical software support and a standardized model testing method. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This study empirically compares the reflective and formative measurement method with standardized model comparison criteria. After collecting 217 valid questionnaires from companies in South Korea, the authors applied a structural equation modeling technique to analyze the data. Findings The result shows that the formative measure provides greater validity for the corporate performance measurement using BSC. Further, this study shows the indicators’ relative influence on each BSC perspectives using the formative measure. Practical implications This study proved the usefulness of the formative measure analysis method and suggested its practical use, focusing on the indicators most useful in developing corporate strategies. In addition, the authors showed that formative indicators could be used in the corporate environment by overcoming the limitations of conventional studies that were confined to causal relationships with latent variables. Originality/value This study may be the pioneering work that compares formative and reflective indicators simultaneously, addressing the usefulness of formative measurement and its application validity in the existing empirical studies using reflective measurements.

MIMIC models, formative indicators and the joys of research

AMS Review ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamantios Diamantopoulos ◽  
Dirk Temme
Keyword(s):  
Mimic Models ◽  
Formative Indicators

Formative indicators: Introduction to the special issue

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1201-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamantios Diamantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Formative Indicators

scholarly journals Proportional structural effects of formative indicators

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1229-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Franke ◽  
Kristopher J. Preacher ◽  
Edward E. Rigdon
Keyword(s):  
Structural Effects ◽  
Formative Indicators

scholarly journals Notes on measurement theory for causal-formative indicators: A reply to Hardin.

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Bollen ◽  
Adamantios Diamantopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Formative Indicators

The Role of Culture-Level Factors in Shaping On-Line Purchase Intentions

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-90
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pashkevich ◽  
David Curry ◽  
James Kellaris ◽  
Norman Bruvold
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Consumer Intentions ◽  
On Line ◽  
Formative Indicators ◽  
Moderating Role

The primary goal of this research is to enhance our understanding of the moderating role that culture-specific variables – individualism/ collectivism and culture context – play in shaping consumer intentions to use the Internet for product information search and shopping. Specifically, this research (a) operationalizes the concept of culture context by constructing an index with formative indicators, (b) develops reliable and valid scales for measuring constructs comprising the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and (c) examines the boundary conditions and generalizability of the TPB in Internetmediated consumption settings. We show reliable support for the interaction between culture context, subjective norms and behavioral intention. Implications for marketing practices across cultures are discussed.

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