Sexuality-related conditions: A multistakeholder approach to explore feasibility of field-testing ICD-11 revisions in developing countries.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Campbell ◽  
Rebeca Robles ◽  
Denise L. Vieira ◽  
Brigitte Khoury ◽  
Saria Daouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Field Testing

Development of the ICD-10 simplified version and field test

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wansa Paoin ◽  
Maliwan Yuenyongsuwan ◽  
Yukiko Yokobori ◽  
Hiroyoshi Endo ◽  
Sukil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Clinical Coding ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
International Statistical Classification ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) has been used in various Asia-Pacific countries for more than 20 years. Although ICD-10 is a powerful tool, clinical coding processes are complex; therefore, many developing countries have not been able to implement ICD-10-based health statistics (WHO-FIC APN, 2007). Objective: This study aimed to simplify ICD-10 clinical coding processes, to modify index terms to facilitate computer searching and to provide a simplified version of ICD-10 for use in developing countries. Method: The World Health Organization Family of International Classifications Asia-Pacific Network (APN) developed a simplified version of the ICD-10 and conducted field testing in Cambodia during February and March 2016. Ten hospitals were selected to participate. Each hospital sent a team to join a training workshop before using the ICD-10 simplified version to code 100 cases. All hospitals subsequently sent their coded records to the researchers. Results: Overall, there were 1038 coded records with a total of 1099 ICD clinical codes assigned. The average accuracy rate was calculated as 80.71% (66.67–93.41%). Three types of clinical coding errors were found. These related to errors relating to the coder (14.56%), those resulting from the physician documentation (1.27%) and those considered system errors (3.46%). Discussion: The field trial results demonstrated that the APN ICD-10 simplified version is feasible for implementation as an effective tool to implement ICD-10 clinical coding for hospitals. Conclusion: Developing countries may consider adopting the APN ICD-10 simplified version for ICD-10 code assignment in hospitals and health care centres. The simplified version can be viewed as an introductory tool which leads to the implementation of the full ICD-10 and may support subsequent ICD-11 adoption.

Lower-Limb Prosthetic Technologies in the Developing World: A Review of Literature from 1994–2010

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Andrysek
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Prosthetic Alignment ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Prosthetic Feet

In the mid-1990s, a number of key publications and meetings of experts identified major technical issues associated with prosthetic technologies intended for developing countries. These included inadequate durability of prosthetic feet, poor socket quality and prosthetic fit, improper alignment of prostheses, and inferior function of components. To examine the progress that has been made since then in addressing these issues, a comprehensive review of literature was performed. In total, 106 articles were selected and included in the review. The review examined prosthetic technologies categorized into feet and ankles, knees, sockets and suspension, and matehals, structures, and alignment methods. Moreover, publications were categorized as technical development, clinical (lab-based) testing, or clinical field testing studies. The results reveal important work that has been carried out to develop and implement standardized outcome measures during field testing, allowing various existing prosthetic technologies to be evaluated in terms of their use, function, durability, and other factors. Progress has also been made toward addressing the aforementioned limitations of prosthetic technologies, however, more research and development is required. This includes improving the durability of the external cosmetic features of prosthetic feet, developing more functional prosthetic knee joints, and simplifying fabrication techniques to further improve outcomes associated with socket fit and prosthetic alignment. Research and development collaborations between developed and developing countries, and the dissemination of ongoing research, development, and evaluation activities are essential to the advancement of prosthetic technologies in these regions.

Analysis of enterococci using portable testing equipment for developing countries – variance of Azide NutriDisk medium under variable time and temperature

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Godfrey ◽  
J. Watkins ◽  
K. Toop ◽  
C. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Survival Threshold

This report compares the enterococci count on samples obtained with Azide NutriDisk (AND) (sterile, dehydrated culture medium) and Slanetz & Bartley (SB) medium when exposed to a variable in incubation time and temperature. Three experiments were performed to examine the recovery of enterococci on AND and SB media using membrane filtration with respect to: (a) incubation time; (b) incubation temperature; and (c) a combination of the two. Presumptive counts were observed at 37, 41, 46 and 47 °C and at 20, 24, 28 and 48 h. These were compared to AWWA standard method 9230 C (44 °C, 44 h). Samples were confirmed using Kanamycin Aesculin Azide (KAA) agar. Friedman's ANOVA and Students t-test analysis indicated higher enumeration of enterococci when grown on AND (p=0.45) than SB (p=<0.001) at all temperatures with a survival threshold at 47 °C. Significant results for AND medium were noted at 20 h (p=0.021), 24 h (p=0.278) and 28 h (p=0.543). The study concluded that the accuracy of the AND medium at a greater time and temperature range provided flexibility in incubator technology making it an appropriate alternative to SB medium for monitoring drinking water using field testing kits in developing countries.

Appropriate technologies for environmental hygiene

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1174) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Environmental Hygiene ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Face

Appropriate technologies for environmental hygiene usually centre on the delivery of adequate and accessible water supply, and proper treat­ment and disposal of excreta and refuse. In the face of the International Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade of 1981-90, several research efforts are under way in the developing countries to develop technologies and approaches for improving environmental hygiene in both rural areas and urban squatter settlements. These are discussed and include the technical development and field testing of infiltration galleries, low-cost slow and fast filtration processes for water treatment, handpumps, on-site excreta disposal using aqua-privy and compost toilets, and excreta treatment and refuse through composting with refuse, biogas generation, fish culture and use of excreta as crop fertilizer. The relevant technology ‘hardware’ is but one of several components necessary for effective delivery of services. The dearth of qualified manpower at all levels is described as being the major constraint to the Water and Sanitation Decad.

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