Power, powerlessness, and the parallel process.

In this response to Michaela Chamberlain's article, I engage with some of the key aspects of her thinking in her exploration of the concept of the secure base and how the theory of its "provision" is tested by her lived experience of working with patients whose attachment-related trauma has compromised their capacity to experience her as a secure base. In particular, I explore the idea of the secure base as a two-person relational construct. I use an attachment lens to consider the complexities and challenges in facilitating attachment security when working with disorganised attachment. I explore the question of the need for an earlier "holding" phase as a precursor to the capacity to relate to a secure base and consider the expansion of the concept of the term secure base to incorporate this earlier "holding" dimension. I also question the possibility and desirability of "complete holding" in working towards attachment security, engaging with Winnicott's theories to explore the ideas of the transitional space of illusion and disillusion, of "good-enough", and of internalisation in the therapeutic process of building attachment security. Finally, I consider the parallel process of the therapist's development of their internal secure base.

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New Approach to Schedule Bag of Tasks (BoTs) with Increase in Parallel Process

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering ◽

10.15680/ijircce.2015.0307027 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 03 (07) ◽

pp. 6530-6535

Author(s):

Shekhar H.Pingale , Prof.V.Mogal

Keyword(s):

Parallel Process ◽

New Approach

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The Reproductive State

10.1093/oso/9780199474363.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anindita Majumdar

Keyword(s):

Birth Certificate ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Reproductive State ◽

Surrogate Mother ◽

Foreign Nationals ◽

Dna Test ◽

Commercial Surrogacy ◽

International Laws

The birth of the child in transnational commercial surrogacy leads to a protracted process of staking claim. In this chapter, the focus is especially on the national and international laws that are invoked by foreign parents and foreign consulates to grant citizenship to the newborn. The applications for citizenship from their home countries, and the exit visa from India lead to many processes of bureaucratic verification and authentication of the genetic tie between the child and the intended parent(s) and the surrogate mother. Seeking identity here are both the new parents and the newborn. Through the birth certificate and the DNA test paternity is identified, while a parallel process seeks to ascertain maternity through the surrogate mother—who incidentally has rejected her tie to the newborn as part of the contractual requirements! Through the narratives of three foreign nationals navigating the citizenship process—international laws regarding surrogacy, kinship and citizens are analysed.

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Psychological predictors of intention and avoidance of attending organized mammography screening in Norway: applying the Extended Parallel Process Model

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01201-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Ivanova ◽

Ingela Lundin Kvalem

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Breast Cancer Screening ◽

Mammography Screening ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Process Model ◽

Parallel Process ◽

Extended Parallel Process Model ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Response Efficacy

Abstract Background Mammography screening is the main method for early detection of breast cancer in Norway. Few studies have focused on psychological determinants of both attendance and non-attendance of publicly available mammography screening programs. The aim of the current study, guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model, was to examine how psychological factors influence defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography. Methods Cross-sectional survey data from a community sample of women living in Norway aged ≥ 18 (N = 270), and without a history of breast cancer, was collected from September 2018 to June 2019 and used to investigate the relationships between the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) constructs and two outcomes: defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography within the next two years. After adjusting for confounding factors, the hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses was conducted to assess the ability of the independent variables based on the EPPM to predict the two outcome variables. Significance level was chosen at p < 0.05. Results Multivariate analyses showed that defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening was predicted by lower perceived susceptibility to breast cancer (β = − 0.22, p = 0.001), lower response efficacy of mammography screening (β = − 0.33, p = 0.001), higher breast cancer fear (β = 0.15, p = 0.014), and checking breasts for lumps (β = − 0.23, p = 0.001). Intention to attend mammography within the next two years was predicted by higher response efficacy of mammography screening (β = 0.13, p = 0.032), having a lower educational level (β = − 0.10, p = 0.041), and regular previous mammography attendance compared to never attending (β = 0.49, p = 0.001). Conclusions The study revealed that defensive avoidance of breast cancer screening and intention to attend mammography were not predicted by the same pattern of psychological factors. Our findings suggest future health promotion campaigns need to focus not only on the psychological factors that encourage women’s decision to attend the screening, but also to counter factors that contribute to women’s decision to avoid it.

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