scholarly journals Reinforcer pathology’s alternative reinforcer hypothesis: A preliminary examination.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren K. Bickel ◽  
Allison N. Tegge ◽  
Katelyn A. Carr ◽  
Leonard H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Alternative Reinforcer

Plasma Components which Interfere with Ristocetin-induced Platelet Aggregation

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F Baugh ◽  
James E Brown ◽  
Cecil Hougie
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Plasma Heating ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Normal Human Plasma ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Normal Human

SummaryNormal human plasma contains a component or components which interfere with ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. Preliminary examination suggests a protein (or proteins) which binds ristocetin and competes more effectively for ristocetin than do the proteins involved in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. The presence of this protein in normal human plasma also prevents ristocetin-induced precipitation of plasma proteins at levels of ristocetin necessary to produce platelet aggregation (0.5–2.0 mg/ml). Serum contains an apparent two-fold increase of this component when compared with plasma. Heating serum at 56° for one hour results in an additional 2 to 4 fold increase. The presence of a ristocetin-binding protein in normal human plasma requires that this protein be saturated with ristocetin before ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation will occur. Variations in the ristocetin-binding protein(s) will cause apparent discrepancies in ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in normal human plasmas.

Assessing Language Acquisition and Intercultural Sensitivity Development in Relation to Study Abroad Program Design

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilli Engle ◽  
John Engle
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
International Education ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Outcomes Assessment ◽  
Statistical Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Study Abroad Program

The complexity of international education is such that it is far from easy to move towards significant, objectively measurable, and comparable outcomes. What follows is the preliminary examination of one attempt to generate and interpret meaningful statistical assessment of the study abroad experience, within the context of specifically defined study abroad program types. We will examine the data thus far generated, suggest its limitations, and appeal for a continued gathering of information. We will suggest a structured, coordinated, profession-wide assessment effort that will, we hope, gradually reveal a useful correlation between study abroad learning and the input of program variables such as duration, housing, experiential work and on-site mentoring. If, as a profession, study abroad is to invest in outcomes assessment, it would be sensible for such efforts to utilize profession-wide definitions and standards.

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