scholarly journals Childhood cognitive ability and physical activity in young adulthood.

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu M. Kumpulainen ◽  
Kati Heinonen ◽  
Anu-Katriina Pesonen ◽  
Minna K. Salonen ◽  
Sture Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability

scholarly journals Contribution of IQ in young adulthood to the associations of education and occupation with cognitive ability in older age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Insa Feinkohl ◽  
Petra Kozma ◽  
Friedrich Borchers ◽  
Simone J. T. van Montfort ◽  
Jochen Kruppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Studies suggest that a higher education and occupation are each associated with a higher late-life cognitive ability, but their inter-relationships in their association with cognitive ability and the contribution of peak IQ in young adulthood (‘pre-morbid IQ’) often remain unclear. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 623 participants aged ≥65 years of the BioCog study. Education was coded according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED; range 1 to 6). Occupation was coded as ‘semi/unskilled’, ‘skilled manual’, ‘skilled non-manual’, ‘managerial’, ‘professional’. A summary score of global ability (‘g’) was constructed from six cognitive tests. Pre-morbid IQ was estimated from vocabulary. The Geriatric Depression Scale assessed symptoms of depression. Age- and sex-adjusted analyses of covariance were performed. Results Education (partial eta2 0.076; p < 0.001) and occupation (partial eta2 = 0.037; p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with g. For education, the association was attenuated but remained statistically significant when pre-morbid IQ was controlled for (partial eta2 0.036; p < 0.001) and was unchanged with additional adjustment for depression (partial eta2 0.037; p < 0.001). For occupation, the association with g was no longer significant when pre-morbid IQ (partial eta2 = 0.015; p = 0.06) and depression (partial eta2 = 0.011; p = 0.18) were entered as covariates in separate steps. When education and occupation were entered concurrently into the fully adjusted model, only education was independently associated with g (partial eta2 0.030; p < 0.001; occupation, p = 0.93). Conclusion While a higher education and a higher occupation were each associated with a higher late-life cognitive ability, only for education some unique contribution to cognitive ability remained over and above its relationship with pre-morbid IQ, depression, and occupation. Further research is needed to address whether a longer time spent in education may promote late-life cognitive ability.

Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity from young adulthood to middle age and metabolic disease: a 30-year population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104231
Author(s):  
Jason M Nagata ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
Kelley Pettee Gabriel ◽  
Andrea K Garber ◽  
Andrew E Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Intensity

ObjectivesTo determine the association between moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) trajectories (course over age and time) through the adult life course and onset of metabolic disease (diabetes and dyslipidaemia).MethodsWe analysed prospective community-based cohort data of 5115 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, who were black and white men and women aged 18–30 years at baseline (1985–1986) at four urban sites, collected through 30 years of follow-up. Individualised MVPA trajectories were developed for each participant using linear mixed models.ResultsLower estimated MVPA score at age 18 was associated with a 12% (95% CI 6% to 18%) higher odds of incident diabetes, a 4% (95% CI 1% to 7%) higher odds of incident low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a 6% (95% CI 2% to 11%) higher odds of incident high triglycerides. Each additional annual 1-unit reduction in the MVPA score was associated with a 6% (95% CI 4% to 9%) higher annual odds of diabetes incidence and a 4% (95% CI 2% to 6%) higher annual odds of high triglyceride incidence. Analysing various MVPA trajectory groups, participants who were in the most active group at age 18 (over 300 min/week), but with sharp declines in midlife, had higher odds of high low-density lipoprotein and low HDL incidence, compared with those in the most active group at age 18 with subsequent gains.ConclusionGiven recent trends in declining MVPA across the life course and associated metabolic disease risk, young adulthood is an important time period for interventions to increase and begin the maintenance of MVPA.

scholarly journals Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
The Life Course

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

Strenuous physical activity in young adulthood and risk of breast cancer (United States)

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mittendorf ◽  
Matthew P. Longnecker ◽  
Polly A. Newcomb ◽  
Amy T. Dietz ◽  
E. Robert Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Strenuous Physical Activity

Abstract 047: Trajectories of Maintaining Recommended Amounts of Physical Activity in Young Adulthood and Associations with Abdominal Adiposity in Middle Age: The Cardia Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Laura Colangelo ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
Norrina B Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
White Men ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Active Adults ◽  
Modest Activity

Background: Greater abdominal adiposity is associated with insulin resistance and obesity-related vascular disease. Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with abdominal adiposity yet associations between trends in adherence to PA recommendations through young adulthood and abdominal adiposity in middle age is unclear. Objective: To identify common trajectories of maintaining recommended levels of PA through young adulthood and to examine associations between trajectories and abdominal adiposity at middle age. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is a population-based, prospective, observational study of black and white men and women. PA was assessed at 8 exams across 25 years of follow-up. PA trajectories were identified by group-based modeling (PROC TRAJ) based on likelihood of maintaining recommended PA levels across exams. Visceral, subcutaneous, and abdominal intermuscular adipose tissue volumes (cm3) were assessed by computed tomography at the year 25 exam (43-55 yrs, n=3180). Results: Four major PA trajectories were identified: highly active (27.3%), declining activity (18.2%), modestly active (20.7%) and always sedentary (33.8%). Abdominal adipose tissue volumes by PA trajectory, race, and sex are displayed in Figure 1. Among white men and women, abdominal adiposity was lowest in always active adults and highest in those always sedentary; higher abdominal adiposity was observed with declining activity compared to modest activity. In black women, highest levels of abdominal adiposity were observed with declining activity. Black men exhibited no differences in abdominal adiposity across PA trajectory groups. Conclusions: Maintaining recommended physical activity levels through young adulthood is associated with lower abdominal adiposity at middle age. Highly active adults who exhibit declining physical activity towards middle age exhibit higher abdominal adiposity compared to adults with consistent modest activity throughout adulthood.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Stressors from the Total Environment Associated with Children’s General Cognitive Ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5451
Author(s):  
Frances M. Nilsen ◽  
Jazmin D.C. Ruiz ◽  
Nicolle S. Tulve
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
Total Environment

General cognitive ability, often referred to as ‘general intelligence’, comprises a variety of correlated abilities. Childhood general cognitive ability is a well-studied area of research and can be used to predict social outcomes and perceived success. Early life stage (e.g., prenatal, postnatal, toddler) exposures to stressors (i.e., chemical and non-chemical stressors from the total (built, natural, social) environment) can impact the development of childhood cognitive ability. Building from our systematic scoping review (Ruiz et al., 2016), we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate more than 100 stressors related to cognitive development. Our meta-analysis identified 23 stressors with a significant increase in their likelihood to influence childhood cognitive ability by 10% or more, and 80 stressors were observed to have a statistically significant effect on cognitive ability. Stressors most impactful to cognition during the prenatal period were related to maternal health and the mother’s ability to access information relevant to a healthy pregnancy (e.g., diet, lifestyle). Stressors most impactful to cognition during the early childhood period were dietary nutrients (infancy), quality of social interaction (toddler), and exposure to toxic substances (throughout early childhood). In conducting this analysis, we examined the relative impact of real-world exposures on cognitive development to attempt to understand the inter-relationships between exposures to both chemical and non-chemical stressors and early developmental life stages. Our findings suggest that the stressors observed to be the most influential to childhood cognitive ability are not permanent and can be broadly categorized as activities/behaviors which can be modified to improve childhood cognition. This meta-analysis supports the idea that there are complex relationships between a child’s total environment and early cognitive development.

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