Network-behavior dynamics of adolescent friendships, alcohol use, and physical activity.

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Long ◽  
Tyson S. Barrett ◽  
Ginger Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Network Behavior ◽  
Behavior Dynamics ◽  
Adolescent Friendships

scholarly journals Individual-Level Determinants of Lifestyle Behavioral Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in the United States: Results of an Online Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4364
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Zhang ◽  
Abiodun Oluyomi ◽  
LeChauncy Woodard ◽  
Syed Ahsan Raza ◽  
Maral Adel Fahmideh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors

This study examined individual-level determinants of self-reported changes in healthy (diet and physical activity) and addictive (alcohol use, smoking, and vaping) lifestyle behaviors during the initial COVID-19 lockdown period in the USA. A national online survey was administered between May and June 2020 that targeted a representative U.S. sample and yielded data from 1276 respondents, including 58% male and 50% racial/ethnic minorities. We used univariate and multivariable linear regression models to examine the associations of sociodemographic, mental health, and behavioral determinants with self-reported changes in lifestyle behaviors. Some study participants reported increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors since the pandemic (i.e., 36% increased healthy eating behaviors, and 33% increased physical activity). However, they also reported increases in addictive lifestyle behaviors including alcohol use (40%), tobacco use (41%), and vaping (46%). With regard to individual-level determinants, individuals who reported adhering to social distancing guidelines were also more likely to report increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors (β = 0.12, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.21). Conversely, women (β = −0.37, 95% CI −0.62 to −0.12), and unemployed individuals (β = −0.33, 95% CI −0.64 to −0.02) were less likely to report increases in healthy lifestyle behaviors. In addition, individuals reporting anxiety were more likely to report increases in addictive behaviors (β = 0.26, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.43). Taken together, these findings suggest that women and unemployed individuals may benefit from interventions targeting diet and physical activity, and that individuals reporting anxiety may benefit from interventions targeting smoking and alcohol cessation to address lifestyle changes during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Disciplinary Approaches for Cannabis Use Policy Violations in Canadian Secondary Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Megan J. Magier ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale ◽  
Terrance J. Wade ◽  
Karen A. Patte
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
School Year ◽  
Progressive Discipline

The objective of this study was to examine the disciplinary approaches being used in secondary schools for student violations of school cannabis policies. Survey data from 134 Canadian secondary schools participating in the Cannabis use, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol use, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) study were used from the school year immediately following cannabis legalization in Canada (2018/19). Despite all schools reporting always/sometimes using a progressive discipline approach, punitive consequences (suspension, alert police) remain prevalent as first-offence options, with fewer schools indicating supportive responses (counselling, cessation/educational programs). Schools were classified into disciplinary approach styles, with most schools using Authoritarian and Authoritative approaches, followed by Neglectful and Permissive/Supportive styles. Further support for schools boards in implementing progressive discipline and supportive approaches may be of benefit.

Co-Evolution of Communication and System Performance in Engineering Systems Design: A Stochastic Network-Behavior Dynamics Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish M. Chaudhari ◽  
Erica L. Gralla ◽  
Zoe Szajnfarber ◽  
Jitesh H. Panchal
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
System Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Stochastic Network ◽  
Network Behavior ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Behavior Dynamics ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Student Subjects

Abstract The socio-technical perspective on engineering system design emphasizes the mutual dynamics between interdisciplinary interactions and system design outcomes. How different disciplines interact with each other depends on technical factors such as design interdependence and system performance. On the other hand, the design outcomes are influenced by social factors such as the frequency of interactions and their distribution. Understanding this co-evolution can lead to not only better behavioral insights, but also efficient communication pathways. In this context, we investigate how to quantify the temporal influences of social and technical factors on interdisciplinary interactions and their influence on system performance. We present a stochastic network-behavior dynamics model that quantifies the design interdependence, discipline-specific interaction decisions, the evolution of system performance, as well as their mutual dynamics. We employ two datasets, one of student subjects designing an automotive engine and the other of NASA engineers designing a spacecraft. Then, we apply statistical Bayesian inference to estimate model parameters and compare insights across the two datasets. The results indicate that design interdependence and social network statistics both have strong positive effects on interdisciplinary interactions for the expert and student subjects alike. For the student subjects, an additional modulating effect of system performance on interactions is observed. Inversely, the total number of interactions, irrespective of their discipline-wise distribution, has a weak but statistically significant positive effect on system performance in both cases. However, excessive interactions mirrored with design interdependence and inflexible design space exploration reduce system performance. These insights support the case for open organizational boundaries as a way for increasing interactions and improving system performance.

Daily physical activity and alcohol use among young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig E. Henderson ◽  
John M. Manning ◽  
Cindy M. Davis ◽  
David E. Conroy ◽  
M. Lee Van Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Daily Physical Activity

scholarly journals Do smoking, nutrition, alcohol use, and physical activity vary between regions in Germany? - results of a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Atzendorf ◽  
Christian Apfelbacher ◽  
Elena Gomes de Matos ◽  
Kirsten Lochbühler ◽  
Daniela Piontek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Is There a Link Between Physical Activity and Alcohol use?

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kopp ◽  
Martin Burtscher ◽  
Prisca Kopp-Wilfling ◽  
Gerhard Ruedl ◽  
Martin Kumnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Alcohol Use
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