Comparison of the relative effectiveness of different kinds of reinforcers: A PEM approach.

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 398-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsen-Hsing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness

Relative effectiveness of selected sunscreens

1970 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness

RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTH GIVEN BY SINGLE, DIVIDED AND CONTINUOUS INJECTION

1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. QUERIDO ◽  
A. KASSENAAR ◽  
J. GOSLINGS ◽  
W. HYMANS
Keyword(s):  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Continuous Injection

ÜBER DIE ANTAGONISTISCHE WIRKUNG VON TRIJODTHYRONIN UND PROGESTERON AUF DEN PREDNISOLONEFFEKT AM EPIPHYSENKNORPEL (PRÜFUNG DER REISSFESTIGKEIT)

1963 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ther ◽  
H. Schramm ◽  
G. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Prednisolone Acetate ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Diuretic Action ◽  
Maximal Load

ABSTRACT Longitudinal tension exerted on a killed rat's femur results always in rupture on the same place viz: the distal epiphyseal line. The power required to produce this effect can be measured with a simple dynamometer. The tensile strength increases with advancing age and during exsiccation (thirst). In untreated rats (weight range 100–120 g) this value amounts to about 1.5–1.8 kg. Tensile strength of the femoral epiphyseal line may be influenced by hormones. Corticosteroids such as prednisolone acetate and cortisol acetate increase the level of maximal load to more than 2.0 kg. In general the effect of a single injection reaches a climax after 48 hours. Dose-response-curves can be established and relative effectiveness may be gathered therefrom. Deoxycorticosterone acetate likewise increases tensile strength in spite of the fact that contrary to prednisolone exhibiting diuretic action this compound has a water retaining effect. Triiodothyronine and progesterone when given alone produce a slight decrease in tensile strength. The effect of prednisolone when given simultaneously with one of these two compounds is antagonized: this phenomenon is more pronounced in the case of triiodothyronine.

Endogeneity of Monetary Policy Reaction Fun~tion: An Experience from Pakistan's Economy

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (4II) ◽  
pp. 931-941
Author(s):  
M. Aynul Hasan ◽  
Qazi Masood Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Reaction Function ◽  
Standard Result ◽  
Policy Variable ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Monetary Policy Reaction Function ◽  
Policy Reaction Function

Monetary policy, in general, refers to those steps taken by the Central Bank to achieve such broader objectives of the economy as growth, employment, external balance and price stability through changes in the money supply, interest rates and credit policies. The money supply thus created by the Central Bank should be in response to the changes in key macroeconomic target variables such as GNP, balance of payments, inflation, internal debt and unemployment. Indeed, a properly estimated monetary policy reaction function can provide useful information regarding such matters as to whether the Central Bank, in fact, has been systematically accommodating to the changes in the target variables. The reaction function can also provide insight into the question as to what should be the relevant indicators of the monetary policy. In addition, as argued by Havrilesky (1967), it may also play a crucial role in the formulation of long-term monetary policy strategy. The other important consideration in the development of a monetary policy reaction function pertains to the endogeneity of the monetary policy. As pointed out by Goldfeld and Blinder (1972), if a policy variable responds to the lagged (or expected) target values, then considering such a policy variable as exogenous would not only introduce the problem of misspecification but will also produce serious biases in the parameters estimated from those models. In particular, if the monetary policy variable happens to be strongly influenced by target variables, then the standard result of the relative effectiveness of the monetary policy vis-a-vis fiscal policy can be questionable on the grounds of reverse causation problem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document