Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R): Results from a large European study on people with disaster experiences.

AbstractThis study explored possible identification of Perpetration-induced Traumatic Stress (PITS) in workers whose occupations required euthanizing nonhuman animals and determining whether event or person-related factors influenced symptoms. The sample included 148 animal workers: veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and research and animal shelter staff. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) assessed traumatic stress. Experimenters constructed additional scales measuring satisfaction with social support, participation in various types of training, and concern over animal death. More than 70% of participants reported affinity toward animals had strongly influenced their occupation selection. Half the sample perceived animal death—particularly euthanasia—as one of the least desirable jobs. Of the sample, 11% reported experiencing moderate levels of traumatic symptoms. The study found lower levels of euthanasia-related stress were associated with increased satisfaction with social support and length of time working with animals. Those who reported high levels of concern about animal death reported higher levels of euthanasia-related stress. The study found occupational context was not associated with different levels of euthanasia-related stress symptoms—even though reasons for administering euthanasia differed significantly between occupations.

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Genuine versus Simulated Responses on the Impact of Event Scale

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1984.54.2.575 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 575-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

David V. Perkins ◽

Jacob A. Tebes

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Parental Death ◽

Test Situation ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Demand Characteristics ◽

Important Requirement ◽

The Impact

Construct validity established for the Impact of Event Scale does not include evidence that the scale can distinguish genuine responses from simulated ones, an important requirement for cognitively “transparent” measures subject to systematic distortion by demand characteristics of the test situation. Comparison scores from 35 students coping with recent parental death and 30 randomly selected students instructed to respond as though they recently had a parent die indicated that, as predicted for this measure, simulated responses involved uniformly high endorsement of all items, while genuine responses were lower in magnitude and varied more from item to item. The scale appears to be adequately sensitive to differences between genuine and simulated responses.

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Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein and TDP-43 Pathology, Stress and Sleep Behavior Disorders

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6689

Author(s):

Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ◽

Ravi Philip Rajkumar ◽

Elijah W. Stommel ◽

Randy Kulesza ◽

Yusra Mansour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Alpha Synuclein ◽

Amyloid Β Peptide ◽

Hyperphosphorylated Tau ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Sleep Behavior ◽

Event Scale ◽

The Impact

Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-τ), amyloid-β peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic ≤40y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-τ is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502 urban college-educated adults, 29.3 ± 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) and pRBD symptoms using the RBD Single-Question. Over 50% of the participants had IES-R scores ≥33 indicating probable PTSD. pRBD was identified in 22.6% of the participants across Mexico and 32.7% in MMC residents with PTSD. MMC subjects with PTSD had an OR 2.6218 [2.5348, 2.7117] of answering yes to the pRBD. PTSD and pRBD were more common in women. This study showed an association between PTSD and pRBD, strengthening the possibility of a connection with misfolded proteinopathies in young urbanites. We need to confirm the RBD diagnosis using an overnight polysomnogram. Mexican women are at high risk for stress and sleep disorders.

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Effect of Terrorist Attack of December 16, 2014 on Academic Performance of School Children of Peshawar

Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS) ◽

10.32879/pjpbs.2017.3.2.223-233 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 223-233

Author(s):

Fatima Syed ◽

Madiha Asghar ◽

Gulshan Tara

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Public School ◽

Terrorist Attack ◽

Study Participant ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Traumatic Experience ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

The Impact ◽

Model School

The purpose of study was to determine the effect of traumatic events of December 16, 2014 on level of trauma of the children of Peshawar and the effect of traumatic experience their academics performance. Total sample consisted of two hundred (N=200) students with age range of 14-16 years (M=14.59, SD=1.128). Data was collected from the students of Army Public School and College System. Warsak road Peshawar and other three Schools on Warsak road included, Peshawar Public School, Peshawar Model School for Girls and Warsak Model School. Random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participant. Demographic information sheet, the Impact of Event Scale- Revised, Self-constructed questionnaire for measuring the Academic Performance of the students before and after traumatic experience of the students. Result showed that the terrorist attack effect the mental health of the students, students reported significant effect on their academic performance.

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Couples Facing the Birth of a Newborn with a Congenital Anomaly: PTSD Symptoms in the First Year

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1641591 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 1168-1172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesca Bevilacqua ◽

Francesco Morini ◽

Antonio Zaccara ◽

Chiara De Marchis ◽

Annabella Braguglia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Year ◽

Stressful Situation ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

Parental Gender ◽

Set Up ◽

The Impact

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in parental couples of newborn requiring early surgery at 6 and 12 months after birth. Study Design A longitudinal study was set up from January 2014 to June 2015. As a measure of PTSD, we used the Italian version of the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R). Results Thirty-four couples form the object of the study. At 6 months, half of mothers (52.9%) and fathers (44.1%) reported traumatic stress symptoms above the clinical cutoff. Percentages remained stable at 12 months. When parental gender and length of follow-up were compared with two-factor analysis of variance, none had an impact on IES-R score, nor an interaction between these factors was found. A significant correlation of IES-R total score was present within the couple both at 6 and 12 months (6 months—r: 0.6842, p < 0.0001 and 12 months—r: 0.4045, p = 0.0177). Conclusion Having a child with a repaired malformation represents a complex prolonged stressful situation with persistent burden for both parents who are at high risk of developing PTSD symptoms.

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Symptoms of Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Intensive Care

American Journal of Critical Care ◽

10.4037/ajcc2008.17.6.534 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 534-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Karen Wallen ◽

Wendy Chaboyer ◽

Lukman Thalib ◽

Debra K. Creedy

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Cutoff Score ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

The Impact

Background Admission to intensive care is often a sudden and unexpected event precipitated by a life-threatening condition, 2 determinants thought to influence the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Objectives To identify the frequency of acute symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and to describe factors predictive of these symptoms in patients 1 month after discharge from intensive care. Methods In this prospective cohort study, all patients meeting the inclusion criteria during the study period were invited to participate. Participants completed the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and demographic and clinical data were accessed from an intensive care unit database. Results During a 9-month period, 114 of 137 patients who met the inclusion criteria consented to participate in the study, and 100 (88%) completed it. The mean total score on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised was 17.8 (SD, 13.4; possible range, 0–88). A total of 13 participants (13%) scored higher than the cutoff score for clinical posttraumatic stress disorder. Neither sex nor length of stay was predictive of acute symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. In multivariate analysis, the only independent predictor of symptoms was age. Patients younger than 65 years were 5.6 times (95% confidence interval, 1.17–26.89) more likely than those 65 years and older to report symptoms. Conclusion The rate of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder 1 month after discharge from intensive care was relatively low. Consistent with findings of previous research, being younger than 65 years was the only independent predictor of symptoms.

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