Excerpts from the Wye Group Handbook: Rural households' 56 livelihood and well-being: Statistics on rural development and agriculture household income.

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-93 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Well Being

scholarly journals Forest Dependence among Rural Households in Southern Ghana: Implications for Conservation and Poverty Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Philip Prince Kwasi Mantey ◽  
Joseph Kofi Teye
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Southern Ghana

While it is widely acknowledged that an understanding of the determinants of rural households’ forest extraction and dependence on forest resources is important for policies on forest conservation and rural development, the factors that determine Ghanaian households’ dependence on forests are neither adequately explored nor well-understood.  Against this background, this paper examines the extraction and dependence on forest resources among rural households in the forest communities of Southern Ghana. Data were collected through a household livelihood survey and in-depth interviews in two forest communities. Regression models were then used to investigate key factors that condition the households' dependence on forests in the study communities. The findings indicate that almost all households are engaged in forest extraction. The average overall contribution of forests to household income in the study communities was 21 percent and constituted the third largest contributor to household income following crop income and non-farm income. The findings also indicate that forests also play an essential safety net role in the face of unforeseen income shortfalls and ultimately, in poverty alleviation. The results further reveal that the rural household's extraction of forest resources and consequently its dependence on forests (livelihood strategy) are a function of its access to other livelihood assets, its vulnerability context as well as other context variables. Recommended policy interventions for forest conservation and sustainable rural development include securing the natural resource base, broadening poor people's livelihood options and improving access to education in rural communities.

scholarly journals Polygenic burden has broader impact on health, cognition, and socioeconomic outcomes than most rare and high-risk copy number variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmo Christian Saarentaus ◽  
Aki Samuli Havulinna ◽  
Nina Mars ◽  
Ari Ahola-Olli ◽  
Tuomo Tapio Johannes Kiiskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Cognition

AbstractCopy number variants (CNVs) are associated with syndromic and severe neurological and psychiatric disorders (SNPDs), such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Although considered high-impact, CNVs are also observed in the general population. This presents a diagnostic challenge in evaluating their clinical significance. To estimate the phenotypic differences between CNV carriers and non-carriers regarding general health and well-being, we compared the impact of SNPD-associated CNVs on health, cognition, and socioeconomic phenotypes to the impact of three genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) in two Finnish cohorts (FINRISK, n = 23,053 and NFBC1966, n = 4895). The focus was on CNV carriers and PRS extremes who do not have an SNPD diagnosis. We identified high-risk CNVs (DECIPHER CNVs, risk gene deletions, or large [>1 Mb] CNVs) in 744 study participants (2.66%), 36 (4.8%) of whom had a diagnosed SNPD. In the remaining 708 unaffected carriers, we observed lower educational attainment (EA; OR = 0.77 [95% CI 0.66–0.89]) and lower household income (OR = 0.77 [0.66–0.89]). Income-associated CNVs also lowered household income (OR = 0.50 [0.38–0.66]), and CNVs with medical consequences lowered subjective health (OR = 0.48 [0.32–0.72]). The impact of PRSs was broader. At the lowest extreme of PRS for EA, we observed lower EA (OR = 0.31 [0.26–0.37]), lower-income (OR = 0.66 [0.57–0.77]), lower subjective health (OR = 0.72 [0.61–0.83]), and increased mortality (Cox’s HR = 1.55 [1.21–1.98]). PRS for intelligence had a similar impact, whereas PRS for schizophrenia did not affect these traits. We conclude that the majority of working-age individuals carrying high-risk CNVs without SNPD diagnosis have a modest impact on morbidity and mortality, as well as the limited impact on income and educational attainment, compared to individuals at the extreme end of common genetic variation. Our findings highlight that the contribution of traditional high-risk variants such as CNVs should be analyzed in a broader genetic context, rather than evaluated in isolation.

Fuelling rural development? The impact of biofuel feedstock production in southern Africa on household income and expenditures

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 102053
Author(s):  
S. Mudombi ◽  
C. Ochieng ◽  
F.X. Johnson ◽  
G. von Maltitz ◽  
D. Luhanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Feedstock Production ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Did We Lose the War on Poverty?

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale W Jorgenson
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
War On Poverty ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Economic Well Being

Official U.S. poverty statistics based on household income imply that the proportion of the U.S. population below the poverty level reached a minimum in 1973, giving rise to the widespread impression that the elimination of poverty is impossible. By contrast, poverty estimates based on household consumption have fallen through 1989 and imply that the war on poverty was a success. This paper recommends replacing income by consumption in official estimates of poverty in order to obtain a more accurate assessment of the impact of income support programs and economic growth on the level and distribution of economic well-being among households.

Multifunzionalitŕ e sviluppo rurale in Africa: un'analisi a livello household

2009 ◽  
pp. 31-63
Author(s):  
Filippo Arfini ◽  
Fabio Landini
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Lp Model

- This work offers an interpretation of the role that multifunctionality plays in the policies that sustain rural development. Assuming as a reference the livelihood approach, we analyse multifunctionality within a framework which differs from the usual Wto negotiations. We reappraise its significance as a variable that reinforces the livelihood strategies of the rural households. In terms of policy design we analyse the costs of the secondary services and the variables that allow for their reduction. A quantitative evaluation is then carried out on the basis of an LP model taking a multifunctional farm in Africa. The results obtained are that: multifunctionality is very costly; most of the private costs of multifunctionality are due to constraints on specialisation in production; both coupled and de-coupled payment sustain multifunctionality but in different ways; technological progress is a key variable for economic sustainability.EconLit Classification: C020, Q010, Q120, Q180Keywords: Multifunctionality, Rural Development, Livelihood Approach, Linear Programming

DECISION STRATEGY CONCEPT TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-711
Author(s):  
M.A. Volokhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Decision Strategy ◽  
Saratov Region

Modern conditions for the development of market relations leave a significant imprint on all main aspects of rural life. The socio-economic situation of rural households is dangerously dependent on the fluctuations of various institutions, be it the labor institution, the food market or the production system. Under these conditions, increasing attention is being paid to the development of targeted programs to improve the living standard and the socio-economic situation of the population in rural settlements. The article discusses a methodological approach to assess the living standards of rural settlements in the context of municipal districts of the Saratov region, in particular, the Samoilovsky municipality. Basing on the participatory approach, categories of the rural population are determined by income level and a direct correlation dependence of the demographic situation (birth rate, mortality, migration rate) and the level of rural household income are revealed. The parameters of the resource of patience and the boundaries of the passive expectation for the poor and impoverished layers of the rural population, as well as the prerequisites for the passivity of the able-bodied population to participate in the processes of increasing their own well-being and well-being of others are determined. The conditions and parameters of the property status compelling the activation of the use of internal material and social sources of income are revealed. Three levels of decision-making strategies for improving the financial situation of the family are distinguished: employees, employers (agricultural enterprises and K(F)X), authorities (district administration). As a result, a concept of a decision-making strategy was developed to improve the material situation of households in rural settlements of the Saratov region. The economic factor (the size of wages) has one of the decisive effects on all the demographic processes taking place in society.

scholarly journals Valuation of health losses of women with multiple roles using a well-being valuation approach: Evidence from Japan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251468
Author(s):  
Narimasa Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Working Couples ◽  
Married Workers

Unpaid housework among married working couples is largely done by women in Japan, causing health losses due to work-to-family conflict. However, monetary values for the poor health condition of working mothers with multiple roles have not been explored. The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of health conditions on life satisfaction (LS) among middle-aged Japanese men and women and attach a monetary value to self-assessed poor health (SAPH). The well-being valuation approach applied monetary values to health losses among middle-aged working persons, using a total of 6,779 married workers drawn from a nationwide 6 wave (2007, 2009, 2011–2014) longitudinal data from the Japanese Life Course Panel Survey of Middle-aged Persons. Female workers having multiple roles as employees and housewives, who spent at least 35 hours per week on market work are defined as women with multiple roles. LS was used as a proxy of individuals’ subjective well-being. Considering the endogeneity between SAPH and LS, I used the two-stage residual inclusion approach with generalized residuals. Major findings are (1) health losses of women with multiple roles were 1.47 times of the equivalent household income; larger than those of men with multiple roles, and (2) health losses of women with multiple roles can be reduced by around 9.5% of the equivalent household income if the spouse shares the housework by engaging in frequent cleaning of the house. Taking health losses of women with multiple roles into consideration, middle-aged men should reconsider the allocation of work attributable to the attitudes toward gender roles.

scholarly journals DETERMINING HOUSING AFFORDABILITY FOR YOUNG PROFESSIONALS IN KLANG VALLEY, MALAYSIA: RESIDUAL INCOME APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Suzylah Sohaimi ◽  
Alias Abdullah ◽  
Syafiee Shuid
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Residual Income ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
Income Approach ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
Residual Income Approach

Underprivileged young professionals in housing affordability are prone to an adverse effect on their well-being. This article empirically examines housing affordability among young professionals aged between 25 and 35 years old who work or live in Klang Valley. Young professionals in this paper refer to young graduates with at least a Bachelor’s degree and are registered to professional institutions such as the Institution of Engineers Malaysia (IEM), Malaysian Institute of Architects (MIA), Malaysian Institute of Planners (MIP), and Royal Institution of Surveyor Malaysia (RISM). The aim of this study is to measure housing affordability based on residual income approach and to identify the attribute that affects young professionals’ housing affordability. Adequacy of household income for monthly mortgage or rent as well as other non-housing goods is reflecting for housing affordability. Attributes namely occupation, the presence of children, household expenditure, transportation cost, vehicle instalment, education loan, and household income are analysed by using binary logistic regression. 264 respondents who are either a homeowner, tenant, or parental home resident were selected by using simple random sampling. The survey data were collected through the professional institutions respectively. The study found that only presence of children, occupation of urban planner and education loan III (not taking a loan) were insignificant to the model.

scholarly journals Marketing For Life In The Economic Recession Time

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Orose Leelakulthanit ◽  
Boonchai Hongcharu
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Economic Goods ◽  
The Relationship

One of the roles marketing contributes to the society is to improve the consumer well-being through the acquisition and possession of economic goods. This study attempts to investigate this role when subjective well-being or life satisfaction is considered in the difficult time of economic recession. From the part-whole perspective, life satisfaction can be broken down into satisfaction with thirteen domains of life. The multiple regression is run in order to determine the relationship between the satisfaction with these thirteen domains of life as well as household income and overall life satisfaction. The results suggest that consumer well-being in terms of satisfaction with material possession has a positive impact on life satisfaction along with satisfaction with work, self, family, personal health and the objective indicator of economic well-being which is household income.

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