Weight loss following lesions at the self-stimulation point: Ventral midbrain tegmentum.

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aryeh Routtenberg ◽  
Ronald S. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ventral Midbrain ◽  
Midbrain Tegmentum ◽  
Self Stimulation

scholarly journals Dopamine neurons projecting to medial shell of the nucleus accumbens drive heroin reinforcement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Corre ◽  
Ruud van Zessen ◽  
Michaël Loureiro ◽  
Tommaso Patriarchi ◽  
Lin Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Calcium Indicators ◽  
Compulsive Consumption ◽  
Self Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe dopamine (DA) hypothesis posits the increase of mesolimbic dopamine levels as a defining commonality of addictive drugs, initially causing reinforcement, eventually leading to compulsive consumption. While much experimental evidence from psychostimulants supports this hypothesis, it has been challenged for opioid reinforcement. Here, we use genetically encoded DA and calcium indicators as well as cFos to reveal that heroin activates DA neurons located in the medial part of the VTA, preferentially projecting to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations of VTA DA or GABA neurons establish a causal link to heroin reinforcement. Inhibition of DA neurons blocked heroin self-administration, while heroin inhibited optogenetic self-stimulation of DA neurons. Likewise, heroin occluded the self-inhibition of VTA GABA neurons. Together, these experiments support a model of disinhibition of a subset of VTA DA neurons in opioid reinforcement.

Abstract P225: Effect of Weight Loss Strategies on Serum Uric Acid in Cancer Patients in the Spirit Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiun-ruey Hu ◽  
Hsin-Chieh Yeh ◽  
Noel T Mueller ◽  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
Edgar R Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss ◽  
Directed Group ◽  
Adult Cancer Survivors

Introduction: Obesity is strongly associated with elevated serum uric acid (SUA), a hypothesized mediator of cardiovascular disease. In observational studies, weight loss is associated with lower SUA. However, trial evidence on weight loss and SUA is lacking. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that in a randomized, controlled setting, intentional weight loss would reduce SUA. Methods: The Survivorship Promotion In Reducing IGF-1 Trial (SPIRIT) was a three-arm, parallel trial of overweight or obese adult cancer survivors that compared the effects of a coach-directed weight loss intervention or metformin to self-directed weight loss (ref) on insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) over a 1-year period. Participants in the coach-directed arm underwent behavioral-based telephonic coaching with web-based support to promote healthy lifestyle and weight loss, targeting a 5% weight loss in the first 6 months. Participants assigned metformin received up to 2,000 mg daily. In our study, SUA was measured in specimens collected at baseline, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. Results: There were 121 participants, with a mean age of 60 years (standard deviation [SD]: 9), and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 35 kg/m 2 (SD: 5). Compared to the self-directed group, coach-directed weight loss reduced BMI by 0.6 kg/m 2 (95% CI: 0.1, 1.1) and metformin reduced BMI by 0.9 kg/m 2 (95% CI: 0.4, 1.5) over 12 months. However, compared to the self-directed group, coach-directed weight loss significantly increased SUA by 0.3 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.1, 0.6) over 12 months, while metformin did not significantly affect SUA (0.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.04, 0.5). The increase observed with the coach-directed weight loss intervention occurred primarily within the first 3 months of the intervention (Figure). Conclusions: Contrary to our expectations, intentional weight loss increased SUA in the short-term. These results question weight loss as a strategy for SUA reduction. Studies testing the long-term effects of weight loss on SUA are needed.

Repeated exposure to the thin ideal and implications for the self: Two weight loss program studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Kathrin Klesse ◽  
Caroline Goukens ◽  
Kelly Geyskens ◽  
Ko de Ruyter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Thin Ideal

Analysis of behavioral deficits produced by lesions in the dorsal and ventral midbrain tegmentum

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Fryer Leibowitz ◽  
Norman J. Hammer ◽  
Lucy L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Ventral Midbrain ◽  
Midbrain Tegmentum

Effect of Trimethadione on the Self-Stimulation Phenomenon

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 850-853
Author(s):  
J. St-Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Medial Forebrain Bundle ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drug ◽  
The Self ◽  
High Drive ◽  
Self Stimulation

The effects of the anticonvulsant drug trimethadione on the self-stimulation (S.S.) phenomenon are studied on rats. S.S. is elicited via electrodes implanted in the posterior medial forebrain bundle (M.F.B.). Following administration of trimethadione (325 mg/kg i.p.) a tendency toward improvement of S.S. is found; this trend is not statistically significant. The fact that no change of S.S. is observed in the areas of the posterior M.F.B. where seizures rarely occur is discussed in the light that the high rates of S.S. obtained from these areas might be related to the absence of disruptive epileptiform activity. It is concluded that the high rates of S.S. usually obtained from the posterior areas of the M.F.B. may be due to properties such as the involvement of these areas in high-drive behavior and facilitation of motor activity.

Surface Disintegration of Zinc Hono-and Polycrystals Dissolving Anodically in Sodium Bromate Solutions and the Apparent Valency of Zinc Ions

CORROSION ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. STRAUMANIS ◽  
Y. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
The Self ◽  
Zinc Ions ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Surface Oxide Film ◽  
Sodium Bromate ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Zn Anode

Abstract Zinc, if dissolved anodically in an aqueous 3 percent NaBrO3 solution apparently deviates from Faraday's law in the sense that more Zn goes into solution than calculated. It can be proved that this disagreement is due to partial surface disintegration of the Zn anode while current is flowing. Very small particles of Zn are carried away from the anode when the surface oxide film detaches. The flakes are dark due to the presence of fine metallic particles. In moisture, the latter are oxidized quickly and turn white. The amount of disintegration (including the self-dissolution) is between 25 and 31 percent of the total Zn weight loss. Anodic disintegration decreases for Zn electrodes containing Au. The amount of disintegration is nearly independent of the crystallographic plane of the single Zn crystal and agrees with that of a polycrystal The reasons for and the mechanism of disintegration are discussed.

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