Cognitive restraint and impulsive eating: Insights from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire.

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lorraine Collins ◽  
William M. Lapp ◽  
Lynn Helder ◽  
Judith A. Saltzberg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

scholarly journals Responses on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Restraint and Disinhibition Scales Change After a Controlled Energy-Restricted Diet (P21-002-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela De Leon ◽  
James Roemmich ◽  
Shanon Casperson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract Objectives The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) is a validated psychometric tool widely used in nutrition research. The TFEQ measures three constructs related to human eating behavior (cognitive restraint of eating, disinhibition, and perceived hunger) and is typically used to identify “fixed” traits associated with obesity. Although inconsistent, evidence suggests that these constructs may be modifiable with diet and weight loss. We sought to determine the mutability of each TFEQ construct in response to a controlled energy-restricted diet in overweight and obese women. Methods Healthy overweight and obese women aged 20–44 (N = 19) were provided with all foods for daily consumption at a level of 20% reduction of usual energy intake for a period of 8 weeks. Study food was packaged as separate meals representing breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Participants were instructed to consume all foods together as separate meals and between-meal snacking was prohibited. Body weight was measured at baseline and then weekly during the intervention. The TFEQ was administered at baseline and at the end of the 8-week controlled feeding. Differences in scores for each factor of the TFEQ were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results are presented as means ± SD. Results On average, participants lost 3.8 ± 1.7 kg. TFEQ restraint scores were greater at the end of week 8 (12.3 ± 4.5) compared to baseline (8.2 ± 4.4), t(18) = 4.00, P < 0.001. Conversely, TFEQ disinhibition scores were lower at week 8 (6.9 ± 3.4) compared to baseline (9.5 ± 2.6), t(18) = 3.42, P = 0.003. Though not significantly different, TFEQ hunger scores were greater at baseline (6.7 ± 3.3) compared to week 8 (5.2 ± 3.4) despite 8 weeks of weight loss. Changes in TFEQ scores did not correlate with change in body weight. Conclusions These results suggest that dietary restriction aimed at eliminating between-meal snacking increases cognitive restraint of eating and decreases disinhibition, independent of weight loss. Additionally, the conscious intention of adhering to eating only 3 meals a day may have improved the perception of hunger cues while reducing susceptibility to external food cues. These attitudinal and behavioral changes are important for adherence to a healthy eating pattern. Funding Sources United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service #3062-51000-051-00D and the North Dakota Beef Commission.

scholarly journals The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and BMI in adolescents: results from the Québec Family Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1074-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Gallant ◽  
A. Tremblay ◽  
L. Pérusse ◽  
C. Bouchard ◽  
J.-P. Després ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Quebec Family Study ◽  
Dietary Records ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

Eating behaviour traits are associated with body weight variations in adults. The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) measures cognitive restraint, disinhibition and hunger, as well as their corresponding subscales, e.g. rigid and flexible control. The TFEQ has not been widely used in adolescents to investigate eating behaviour traits associated with body weight. The aim of the present study was to assess whether eating behaviour traits were associated with BMI in male and female adolescents. Sixty adolescents (thirty females and thirty males; mean age 15·0 (sd 2·4) years) from the Québec Family Study completed the TFEQ and 3 d dietary records. There were no sex differences in the TFEQ scores. Rigid control, disinhibition and emotional susceptibility (to overeat) were positively related to BMI z-scores for the entire sample (r 0·3, P < 0·05). There was a positive relationship between BMI z-scores and rigid control (r 0·39, P < 0·05) in females, while BMI z-scores were positively related to emotional susceptibility (r 0·42, P < 0·02) and disinhibition (r 0·41, P < 0·03) in males. Adolescents characterised by both high disinhibition and high rigid control had significantly higher BMI z-scores than those by both low disinhibition and low rigid control. There were no significant differences in BMI z-scores between the flexible control categories. Dietary macronutrient content was not consistently related to eating behaviour traits. These results show that the eating behaviour traits of disinhibition and rigid control are independently related to BMI z-scores in this group of adolescents.

scholarly journals Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18) Spanish Version: Factor Structure Analysis among Normal Weight and Overweight Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Dagmara Wrzecionkowska ◽  
Sofía Rivera Aragón
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Mexican Adults ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating ◽  
Three Factor

The objective of this study was to examine the construct validity of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Revised-18, an instrument designed to measure: Uncontrolled Eating, Emotional Eating and Cognitive Restraint, in a sample of Mexican adults of different weights. 342 man and women, with age range 19-79 years old (M=40), were recruited. TFEQ was emailed to the participants who earlier had their weight and height measured. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to examine TFEQ structure. The original three factor structure was corroborated, with nine items loading high on Uncontrolled Eating factor, three on Emotional Eating and four out of the original six on Cognitive Restraint. Two items were excluded due to low item-total correlations. Higher levels of Cognitive Restraint were associated with higher BMI (r=.13, p < .05), we found no connection between Uncontrolled Eating or Emotional Eating and body weight. Our findings suggest that the abbreviated TFEQ (16 items), is a psychometrically valid measure, and can be used to evaluate the tendencies of Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating and Emotional Eating in the population of Mexican adults with different body weights.

Three Factor Eating Questionnaire

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert J. Stunkard ◽  
Samuel Messick
Keyword(s):  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

scholarly journals Examination of the Eating Behavior of the Hungarian Population Based on the TFEQ-R21 Model

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3514
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szakály ◽  
Bence Kovács ◽  
Márk Szakály ◽  
Dorka T. Nagy-Pető ◽  
Tímea Gál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Three Factor

Several theories have emerged to study types of eating behavior leading to obesity, but most of the applied models are mainly related to food choice decisions and food consumer behavior. The purpose of this paper was to examine the eating attitudes of Hungarian consumers by applying the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21). The national representative questionnaire involved 1000 individuals in Hungary in 2019. Several multivariate statistical techniques were applied for the data analysis: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, multivariate data reduction techniques, and cluster analysis. This study successfully managed to distinguish the following factors: emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and cognitive restraint. By using the factors, five clusters were identified: Uncontrolled Emotional Eaters; Overweight, Uncontrolled Eaters; Controlled, Conscious Eaters; the Uninterested; and the Rejecters; all of these could be addressed by public health policy with individually tailored messages. The empirical results led to rejection of the original Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21), while the TFEQ-R16 model could be validated on a representative sample of adults, for the first time in Hungary.

scholarly journals The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, body mass index, and responses to sweet and salty fatty foods: a twin study of genetic and environmental associations

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaisu Keskitalo ◽  
Hely Tuorila ◽  
Tim D Spector ◽  
Lynn F Cherkas ◽  
Antti Knaapila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

Three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ-18) in obese and non-obese Brazilian adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S254
Author(s):  
W.R. Silva ◽  
B.G. Martins ◽  
J.A.D.B. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor

Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18--Modified

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Anglé ◽  
Janne Engblom ◽  
Tiina Eriksson ◽  
Susanna Kautiainen ◽  
Marja-Terttu Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire ◽  
Three Factor
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