Effects of d- versus l-amphetamine, food deprivation, and current intensity on self-stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, substantia nigra, & medial frontal cortex of the rat.

1975 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin B. Goodall ◽  
Robert J. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Current Intensity ◽  
Self Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Adrenergic Stimulation of the Rat Diencephalon and its Effect on Food Intake and Hoarding Activity

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Blundell ◽  
L. J. Herberg
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Nutritional Depletion

The diencephalic area most sensitive to microinjections of noradrenaline lay outside the area of the lateral hypothalamus in which feeding can be produced by electrical stimulation. Injection of either area, including injections that caused increased feeding, failed to have any effect on hoarding activity. Since hoarding can be elicited both by food deprivation and by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, these findings indicate biochemical, anatomical and motivational differences between the central feeding mechanism sensitive to adrenergic stimulation, and that responding to electrical stimulation or nutritional depletion. The former mechanism may be disinhibitory; the latter, excitatory.

Modulating inhibitory control with direct current stimulation of the superior medial frontal cortex

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 2249-2257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yu Hsu ◽  
Lin-Yuan Tseng ◽  
Jia-Xin Yu ◽  
Wen-Jui Kuo ◽  
Daisy L. Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Features of the involvement of the dopamine and serotonin brain systems in positive and negative emotional states in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Eugenii R. Bychkov ◽  
Andrei A. Lebedev ◽  
Nikolai S. Efimov ◽  
Artyem S. Kryukov ◽  
Inessa V. Karpova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Aversive Stimulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Self Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The aim was to study the effect of rewarding and aversive stimulation of lateral hypothalamus on the turnover of monoamines in the terminal structures of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal systems: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and striatum (St). The Wistar male rats were implanted electrodes in the lateral hypothalamus and further trained in self-stimulation test. Animals were also selected on aversive emotional reactions were observed after pressing the pedal for self-stimulation. Subsequently, forced stimulation was performed for 5 minutes and the animals were decapitated. The content of norepinephrine, dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dioxiphenylacetic acid (DOPАС) and homovanilinic acid, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Positive and aversive stimulation of lateral hypothalamus decreased the level of DA in the NAc, however, only stimulation of the positive emotiogenic zone increased the DA and 5-HT turnover in the NAc, as evidenced by an increase in the DOPАС/DA and 5-HIAA/SER ratios, respectively. Rewarding and aversive stimulation decreased the level of 5-HT in St, however, only rewarding stimulation decreased the St level of 5-HIAA compared to control and animals with aversive stimulation. Rewarding stimulation increased the turnover of serotonin in St, as evidenced by the increase of 5-HIAA/5-HT ratios. The activity of the noradrenergic system did not change after rewarding and aversive stimulation. Thus, both rewarding and aversive electrical stimulation increases the turnover of DA and 5-HT in NAc and St. However, these changes are more significant after rewarding stimulation. DA turnover increases more in NAc, and 5-HT turnover in St. The data obtained indicate the specificity of the dopaminergic and serotonergic involvement for the formation of a modality of emotional reactions. Data may provide guidance for developing treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric diseases related to the malfunction of the reward system.

scholarly journals Asymmetry of reinforcing properties of the lateral hypothalamus in the self-stimulation test

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Nikolay S Efimov ◽  
Yulia N Bessolova ◽  
Inessa V Karpova ◽  
Andrei A Lebedev ◽  
Petr D Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
The Self ◽  
Stimulation Test ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the protocols of modern pharmacological studies of a self-stimulation reaction in rodents, stimulating electrodes are implanted as a rule unilaterally. The reinforcing properties of the left and right hypothalamus were suggested to be identical. The aim of the study was to clear up if the possibilities of the left and right hypothalamus to produce self-stimulation are similar or not. Methods. The study was carried out on adult male Wistar rats. The electrodes were implanted into the lateral hypothalamus bilaterally. The rats, in which an approach reaction was observed, learned self-stimulation in the Skinner box with stimulation of the left or right hypothalamus as a reinforcing agent descending thresholds of stimulation up to minimal one. Results. Self-stimulation of the left hypothalamus gave an approach reaction in the majority of rats (81.8%), self-stimulation reaction was developed in 72.7% of rats. Only 46.2% rats reacted on stimulation of the right hypothalamus, self-stimulation reaction was developed in 30.8% of rats. The thresholds of positive and negative reactions registered after electrical stimulation of both sides of hypothalamus were significantly differed (H(3, N = 31) = 14,92; p = 0,002). And these changes were not connected with lateralization but with sign of reaction: in general the thresholds of approach reaction were higher than thresholds of avoidance. Conclusion. In the paper, the fact of different possibility of approach reaction and self-stimulation development as a result of electrical stimulation of the left and right hypothalamus in rats has been described. After stimulation of the left hypothalamus, a possibility to receive positive reaction and to form self-stimulation on its basis is higher than after stimulation of the right hypothalamus. (For citation: Efimov NS, Bessolova YN, Karpova IV, et al. Asymmetry of reinforcing properties of the lateral hypothalamus in the self-stimulation test. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2018;16(2):37-41. doi: 10.17816/RCF16237-41).

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