Effects of early exposure to ventral gland odor on physical and behavioral development and adult social behavior in mongolian gerbils.

1975 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1210-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Blum ◽  
Dean Balsiger ◽  
Joseph S. Ricci ◽  
Douglas K. Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Ventral Gland

Physical and behavioral postnatal development of woodchucks (Marmota monax)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ferron ◽  
J.-P. Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Marmota Monax

The physical and behavioral postnatal development of woodchucks (Marmota monax) was analyzed from birth to 42 days of age, the age at which weaning begins. Postnatal growth was evaluated by means of daily measurements of body weight, body length, tail length, and length of hind foot. Data on length of ear pinnae, vibrissae, and fur, and on the timing of appearance of some events of physical development are also presented. We considered postnatal development of locomotion, alertness, exploratory behavior, feeding, and comfort and social behavior. Our results indicate no sexual dimorphism in body size in young woodchucks, despite its occurrence in adults. Intraspecific comparisons reveal that woodchucks from different populations show marked variation in growth rate. The high level of intraspecific variation in developmental rates of sciurid rodents provides a warning to those performing interspecific comparisons. The data also suggest that the ratio of growth rate to adult body weight is not related to environmental severity. Behavioral development in M. monax is similar to that of ground squirrels but faster than that of tree squirrels and flying squirrels. There is also no direct relationship between size and timing of behavioral development in sciurid rodents. The behavioral repertoire of young woodchucks is simpler than that of young Spermophilus lateralis, another asocial species. It is possible that specific differences in rates of development of social interactions led to such differentiation in the repertoire of social behavior.

Effects of isolation rearing on the development of social behavior and central neurotrophin levels in male Mongolian gerbils

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S231
Author(s):  
Michito Shimozuru ◽  
Takefumi Kikusui ◽  
Yukari Takeuchi ◽  
Yuji Mori
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Isolation Rearing

scholarly journals Behavioral Development of Two Captive Mother-Calf Dyads of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Calves’ First Year

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia von Streit ◽  
Udo Ganslosser ◽  
Lorenzo von Fersen
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Play Behavior ◽  
First Year ◽  
Object Play

This study investigated the development of suckling behavior, spatial relations, social behavior, and play behavior in 2 mother-calf dyads of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Each dyad was observed 4 hours weekly throughout the calves’ 1st year. The dyads differed in calves’ sex and mothers’ parity. The dyad with the primiparous female needed more time to establish suckling and swimming routines. After the 3rd month, interactions with the mother (flipper-rub, rest together, social play, and calf watches mother) were significantly more frequent in the female calf, whereas interactions with the calves’ father (swim together, rest together, and social play) were significantly more frequent in the male calf. The calves showed high rates of object play and social play. They seemed to modify their type of play according to the opportunities they were offered. A mentally stimulating object was preferred to simpler toys. The knowledge of the details of mother-calf behavior helps to develop appropriate breeding conditions that are vital for the survival and well-being of captive dolphin calves.

scholarly journals Relatedness and spatial distance modulate intergroup interactions: experimental evidence from a social rodent

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
Ke Deng ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
De-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Abstract Kin selection theory predicts that individuals should generally behave less aggressively or more amicably towards relatives than nonkin. However, how individuals treat conspecifics depends on genetic relatedness but also on the ecological context, which influences the benefits and costs of their interactions. In this study, we used microsatellite DNA markers and behavioral tests to examine the influence of kinship and proximity on the social behavior of Mongolian gerbils Meriones unguiculatus living in different social groups, and whether these effects varied with sex and season. We recorded the duration of 4 behavioral categories (investigative, neutral, amicable, and agonistic) during a 10-min pairwise test. We found that genetic relatedness had significant effects on the duration of investigative, neutral, and amicable behavior, but not on agonistic behavior. We also found significant interaction effects of relatedness and distance between burrow systems (i.e., spatial distance) on investigative, neutral, and amicable behavior, which suggests that the effects of kinship on social behavior were restricted by spatial proximity. The interaction effect between sex and relatedness on amicable behavior showed that male gerbils became more intimate with individuals of the same sex that had higher pairwise relatedness than females. Furthermore, both male and female gerbils enhanced their aggression during the food-hoarding season, but the intensity of these changes was significantly higher in females. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of kinship and spatial proximity on social behavior exhibit sexual or seasonal patterns, thereby implying ecological context-dependent responses to out-group individuals in Mongolian gerbils.

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