Food-hoarding in rats as a function of environmental temperature.

R. A. McCleary; C. T. Morgan

doi:10.1037/h0061740

Foraging extends beyond food: Hoarding of mental energy and information seeking in response to uncertainty

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001838 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica L. Alquist ◽

Roy F. Baumeister

Keyword(s):

Information Seeking ◽

Potential Outcomes ◽

Food Hoarding

AbstractWhen an environment is uncertain, humans and other animals benefit from preparing for and attempting to predict potential outcomes. People respond to uncertainty both by conserving mental energy on tasks unrelated to the source of the uncertainty and by increasing their attentiveness to information related to the uncertainty. This mental hoarding and foraging allow people to prepare in uncertain situations.

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Dealing with hot rocky environments: Critical thermal maxima and locomotor performance in Leptodactylus lithonaetes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Herpetological Journal ◽

10.33256/hj29.3.155161 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivan Beltran

Keyword(s):

Environmental Temperature ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Maximum Speed ◽

Locomotor Performance ◽

Extreme Temperatures ◽

Physiological Limits ◽

Fitness Consequences ◽

Thermal Maximum ◽

Environmental Temperatures

Environmental temperature has fitness consequences on ectotherm development, ecology and behaviour. Amphibians are especially vulnerable because thermoregulation often trades with appropriate water balance. Although substantial research has evaluated the effect of temperature in amphibian locomotion and physiological limits, there is little information about amphibians living under extreme temperature conditions. Leptodactylus lithonaetes is a frog allegedly specialised to forage and breed on dark granitic outcrops and associated puddles, which reach environmental temperatures well above 40 ˚C. Adults can select thermally favourable microhabitats during the day while tadpoles are constrained to rock puddles and associated temperature fluctuations; we thus established microhabitat temperatures and tested whether the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of L. lithonaetes is higher in tadpoles compared to adults. In addition, we evaluated the effect of water temperature on locomotor performance of tadpoles. Contrary to our expectations, puddle temperatures were comparable and even lower than those temperatures measured in the microhabitats used by adults in the daytime. Nonetheless, the CTmax was 42.3 ˚C for tadpoles and 39.7 ˚C for adults. Regarding locomotor performance, maximum speed and maximum distance travelled by tadpoles peaked around 34 ˚C, approximately 1 ˚C below the maximum puddle temperatures registered in the puddles. In conclusion, L. lithonaetes tadpoles have a higher CTmax compared to adults, suggesting a longer exposure to extreme temperatures that lead to maintain their physiological performance at high temperatures. We suggest that these conditions are adaptations to face the strong selection forces driven by this granitic habitat.

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