Sensory cues in pitch judgment.

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Brammer
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Pitch Judgment

Symptom Validity Testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Lee H. Ensalada
Keyword(s):  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Symptom Validity ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Validity Testing ◽  
Symptom Validity Testing ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Blurry Vision ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fatigue Evaluation ◽  
Choice Testing

Abstract Symptom validity testing (SVT), also known as forced-choice testing, is a means of assessing the validity of sensory and memory deficits, including tactile anesthesias, paresthesias, blindness, color blindness, tunnel vision, blurry vision, and deafness. The common feature among these symptoms is a claimed inability to perceive or remember a sensory signal. SVT comprises two elements: a specific ability is assessed by presenting a large number of items in a multiple-choice format, and then the examinee's performance is compared to the statistical likelihood of success based on chance alone. These tests usually present two alternatives; thus the probability of simply guessing the correct response (equivalent to having no ability at all) is 50%. Thus, scores significantly below chance performance indicate that the sensory cues must have been perceived, but the examinee chose not to report the correct answer—alternative explanations are not apparent. SVT also has the capacity to demonstrate that the examinee performed below the probabilities of chance. Scoring below a norm can be explained by fatigue, evaluation anxiety, inattention, or limited intelligence. Scoring below the probabilities of chance alone most likely indicates deliberate deceptions and is evidence of malingering because it provides strong evidence that the examinee received the sensory cues and denied the perception. Even so, malingering must be evaluated from the total clinical context.

scholarly journals Mouse entorhinal cortex encodes a diverse repertoire of self-motion signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin S. Mallory ◽  
Kiah Hardcastle ◽  
Malcolm G. Campbell ◽  
Alexander Attinger ◽  
Isabel I. C. Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Medial Entorhinal Cortex ◽  
Representation Of Space ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Information Streams ◽  
Representations Of Space

AbstractNeural circuits generate representations of the external world from multiple information streams. The navigation system provides an exceptional lens through which we may gain insights about how such computations are implemented. Neural circuits in the medial temporal lobe construct a map-like representation of space that supports navigation. This computation integrates multiple sensory cues, and, in addition, is thought to require cues related to the individual’s movement through the environment. Here, we identify multiple self-motion signals, related to the position and velocity of the head and eyes, encoded by neurons in a key node of the navigation circuitry of mice, the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). The representation of these signals is highly integrated with other cues in individual neurons. Such information could be used to compute the allocentric location of landmarks from visual cues and to generate internal representations of space.

scholarly journals Interacting with volatile environments stabilizes hidden-state inference and its brain signatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélien Weiss ◽  
Valérian Chambon ◽  
Junseok K. Lee ◽  
Jan Drugowitsch ◽  
Valentin Wyart
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Behavioral Difference ◽  
Neural Interaction ◽  
Degree Of Control ◽  
Uncertain Outcomes ◽  
State Inference

AbstractMaking accurate decisions in uncertain environments requires identifying the generative cause of sensory cues, but also the expected outcomes of possible actions. Although both cognitive processes can be formalized as Bayesian inference, they are commonly studied using different experimental frameworks, making their formal comparison difficult. Here, by framing a reversal learning task either as cue-based or outcome-based inference, we found that humans perceive the same volatile environment as more stable when inferring its hidden state by interaction with uncertain outcomes than by observation of equally uncertain cues. Multivariate patterns of magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity reflected this behavioral difference in the neural interaction between inferred beliefs and incoming evidence, an effect originating from associative regions in the temporal lobe. Together, these findings indicate that the degree of control over the sampling of volatile environments shapes human learning and decision-making under uncertainty.

scholarly journals Effect of a Neuropeptide Gene on Behavioral States in Caenorhabditis elegans Egg-Laying

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 1181-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E Waggoner ◽  
Laura Anne Hardaker ◽  
Steven Golik ◽  
William R Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Inactive State ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Inactive Phase ◽  
Behavioral States ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Egg-laying behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans involves fluctuation between alternative behavioral states: an inactive state, during which eggs are retained in the uterus, and an active state, during which eggs are laid in bursts. We have found that the flp-1 gene, which encodes a group of structurally related neuropeptides, functions specifically to promote the switch from the inactive to the active egg-laying state. Recessive mutations in flp-1 caused a significant increase in the duration of the inactive phase, yet egg-laying within the active phase was normal. This pattern resembled that previously observed in mutants defective in the biosynthesis of serotonin, a neuromodulator implicated in induction of the active phase. Although flp-1 mutants were sensitive to stimulation of egg-laying by serotonin, the magnitude of their serotonin response was abnormally low. Thus, the flp-1-encoded peptides and serotonin function most likely function in concert to facilitate the onset of the active egg-laying phase. Interestingly, we observed that flp-1 is necessary for animals to down-regulate their rate of egg-laying in the absence of food. Because flp-1 is known to be expressed in interneurons that are postsynaptic to a variety of chemosensory cells, the FLP-1 peptides may function to regulate the activity of the egg-laying circuitry in response to sensory cues.

scholarly journals Human low-threshold mechanoafferent responses to pure changes in friction controlled using an ultrasonic haptic device

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariama Dione ◽  
Roger Holmes Watkins ◽  
Eric Vezzoli ◽  
Betty Lemaire-Semail ◽  
Johan Wessberg
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Object Interaction ◽  
Tactile Stimulator ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Human Participants

AbstractThe forces that are developed when manipulating objects generate sensory cues that inform the central nervous system about the qualities of the object’s surface and the status of the hand/object interaction. Afferent responses to frictional transients or slips have been studied in the context of lifting/holding tasks. Here, we used microneurography and an innovative tactile stimulator, the Stimtac, to modulate both the friction level of a surface, without changing the surface or adding a lubricant, and, to generate the frictional transients in a pure and net fashion. In three protocols, we manipulated: the frictional transients, the friction levels, the rise times, the alternation of phases of decrease or increase in friction to emulate grating-like stimuli. Afferent responses were recorded in 2 FAIs, 1 FAII, 2 SAIs and 3 SAIIs from the median nerve of human participants. Independently of the unit type, we observed that: single spikes were generated time-locked to the frictional transients, and that reducing the friction level reduced the number of spikes during the stable phase of the stimulation. Our results suggest that those frictional cues are encoded in all the unit types and emphasize the possibility to use the Stimtac device to control mechanoreceptor firing with high temporal precision.

Premotor cortex: Sensory cues and movement

1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Passingham
Keyword(s):  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Sensory Cues

scholarly journals Detour learning ability and the effect of novel sensory cues on learning in Australian bull ants, Myrmecia midas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzahid Islam ◽  
Sudhakar Deeti ◽  
Zakia Mahmudah ◽  
J. Frances Kamhi ◽  
Ken Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Tactile Cues ◽  
Detour Learning ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACTMany animals navigate in a structurally complex environment which requires them to detour around physical barriers that they encounter. While many studies in animal cognition suggest that they are able to adeptly avoid obstacles, it is unclear whether a new route is learned to navigate around these barriers and, if so, what sensory information may be used to do so. We investigated detour learning ability in the Australian bull ant, Myrmecia midas, which primarily uses visual landmarks to navigate. We first placed a barrier on the ants’ natural path of their foraging tree. Initially, 46% of foragers were unsuccessful in detouring the obstacle. In subsequent trips, the ants became more successful and established a new route. We observed up to eight successful foraging trips detouring around the barrier. When we subsequently changed the position of the barrier, made a new gap in the middle of the obstacle, or removed the barrier altogether, ants mostly maintained their learned motor routine, detouring with a similar path as before, suggesting that foragers were not relying on barrier cues and therefore learned a new route around the obstacle. In additional trials, when foragers encountered new olfactory or tactile cues, or the visual environment was blocked, their navigation was profoundly disrupted. These results suggest that changing sensory information, even in modalities that foragers do not usually need for navigation, drastically affects the foragers’ ability to successful navigate.Subject CategoryNeuroscience and Cognition

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