Experimental studies of the judgmental theory of feeling: III. The absolute shift in affective value conditioned by learned reactions.

1939 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. N. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Affective Value ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Absolute Shift

Modeling and Experimental Studies on Oscillating Inclined-Bed Solar Dryer

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shanmugam ◽  
P. Kumar ◽  
AR. Veerappan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Double Pass ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Flat Plate Collector

This paper presents a mathematical model for drying agricultural produce using a solar dryer capable of oscillating its bed while kept at an inclined position with respect to vertical. A model of the solar dryer with double-pass flat plate collector and an oscillating-bed has been fabricated and tested for drying agricultural produce (sunflower seeds). The model can predict the change in the absolute humidity of air across the bed, the temperature of the air, the moisture content, and the dryer thermal efficiency. Sunflower seeds were dried on a physical model of the solar dryer with its bed tilted at different angles and oscillated at different frequencies. The predicted and the experimental results are in good agreement. The average error and standard deviation for the absolute humidity of air across the bed is 1.74 and 1.55%, the exit temperature of air leaving the bed is 1.11and 1.21%, and the dryer thermal efficiency is 0.78 and 1.33%, respectively.

Experimental studies of the absolute total delayed neutron yields from neutron induced fission of 238U in the energy range 1–5 MEV

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Piksaikin ◽  
L.E. Kazakov ◽  
V.A. Roshchenko ◽  
S.G. Isaev ◽  
G.G. Korolev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Delayed Neutron ◽  
Induced Fission ◽  
The Absolute

scholarly journals WATER RESISTANCE OF SOLIDIFIED RADIOACTIVE WASTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (61) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
V. Kovalchuk ◽  
◽  
I. Kozlov ◽  
O. Dorozh ◽  
N. Bogdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Leaching Rate ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Cement Matrices ◽  
The Absolute

The results of experimental studies of leaching characteristic of liquid radioactive waste of radionuclides from cement matrices for long-term storage are considered. It is shown that leach ability is a characteristic of the chemical resistance of matrices, indicating the ability of the matrix material to prevent the spread of radionuclides localized in them into the environment. It is noted that the rate of leaching of radionuclides from cement matrices changes with the time of their contact with aqueous media. Chronometric dependences of leaching rates are presented and analysed. It is shown that they consist of two sections of different duration. The initial section, lasting up to 250 hours, is distinguished by a higher steepness with a decrease in the absolute value of the speed to 2 orders of magnitude. The subsequent section, lasting up to 2500 hours or more, is characterized by an asymptotic decrease in speed to a constant minimum value. Approximating functions of the experimental chronometric dependences of radionuclide leaching were obtained in the form of power-logarithm expressions, valid in the intervals of the duration of the experiments, with a reliability of at least 0.9. It is shown that monovalent sodium and cesium ions are most intensively subject to leaching. The absolute values of the rates of leaching of monovalent nuclides are two to three orders of magnitude higher than those of divalent ones, all other things being equal. The content of the nuclide in the composition of the compound material has a significant effect on the leaching rate. An increase in matrix temperature promotes an increase in leaching rates, which is most likely due to a positive temperature coefficient of diffusion characteristics. Irradiation of the matrices decreases the leaching rate as a result of a decrease in the porosity of the matrix body and the formation of poorly soluble hydrates. The redox values of matrix-bound solutions have no significant effect on the leaching rate.

Behavioural Decision Theory and the Gains Debate in International Politics

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Mulford ◽  
Jeffery Berejikian
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Free Ride ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Structural Determinant

The temptation to free ride and the fear of exploitation are traditionally offered as factors explaining individuals' choices under conditions of social dilemma. In two experimental studies of prisoner's dilemma behaviour we demonstrate that the ratio-differences of payoffs are as important as the absolute differences in affecting the likelihood of cooperation. The implications of this additional structural determinant of dilemma choice are developed and applied to the stalled gains debate in international relations theory. By incorporating ratio-differences into the analysis ‘realist’ and ‘liberal’ theories of state behaviour may be reconciled.

scholarly journals Glycerin-containing Working Fluids for Hydraulic Drives for Special Purposes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
K. D. Efremova ◽  
V. N. Pilgunov
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Saturated Vapor Pressure ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Flow Section ◽  
Hydraulic Machines ◽  
The Absolute

The cavitation properties of a liquid must be taken into account in the engineering design of hydraulic machines and devices for hydraulic automation in cases when in their working process the absolute pressure in the liquid may drop below atmospheric, and the liquid is in a rarefied state for a certain time. Cold boiling, which occurs at a relatively low temperature and reduced absolute pressure inside or on the surface of the liquid, is considered as hydrostatic cavitation, if the liquid is stationary, or as hydrodynamic cavitation, if the liquid enters conditions under which the velocity head sharply increases in the flow section and the absolute pressure.In accordance with the theory of cavitation, the first phase of cavitation occurs when the absolute pressure in the degassed liquid drops to the value of the saturated vapor pressure and the air dissolved in the liquid, leaving the intermolecular space, turns into microbubbles of undissolved air and becomes a generator of cavitation "nuclei". Of practical interest is a quantitative assessment of the value of the minimum permissible absolute pressure in a real, partially or completely degassed liquid, at which hydrostatic cavitation occurs.Since the pressure of saturated vapor of a liquid is, to a certain extent, associated with the forces of intermolecular interaction, it is necessary to have information on the cavitation properties of technical solutions, including the solution of air in a liquid, since a solute can weaken intermolecular bonds and affect the value of the pressure of saturated vapors of the solvent. The article describes an experiment carried out by the authors to evacuate liquids. During the experiment, evacuation of various liquids was carried out using a developed hydraulic vacuum pump with a pneumatic drive.The article presents the technologies of hydrostatic and hydrodynamic degassing of liquids used in the experiment.As a result of experimental studies of the cavitation properties of pure glycerin and glycerin in the form of a 49/51% solution in water, mineral oil and aviation kerosene, quantitative estimates of the permissible absolute pressure in the considered technical fluids and solutions were obtained, its dependence on the saturated vapor pressure, the influence of the degree of hydrodynamic degassing the liquid, and the amount of dissolved substance in it on the strength of the liquid to rupture.In the process of studying the cavitation properties of solutions, it was found that the level of permissible absolute pressure in the solution is greater than that of the solvent. It has been suggested that dissolved solid, liquid or gaseous substances weaken the intermolecular bonds of the solvent and increase the pressure of its saturated vapor.On the basis of the experimental studies, a method for determining the highest rarefaction in solvents and in glycerol solutions has been developed. In addition, a comparative assessment of the cavitation properties of the considered technical fluids is given.

scholarly journals ‘… a metal conducts and a non-metal doesn't’

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1914) ◽  
pp. 941-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Edwards ◽  
M. T. J. Lodge ◽  
F. Hensel ◽  
R. Redmer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Doped Semiconductors ◽  
Atomic Properties ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Coherent Picture

In a letter to one of the authors, Sir Nevill Mott, then in his tenth decade, highlighted the fact that the statement ‘… a metal conducts, and a non-metal doesn’t’ can be true only at the absolute zero of temperature, T =0 K. But, of course, experimental studies of metals, non-metals and, indeed, the electronic and thermodynamic transition between these canonical states of matter must always occur above T =0 K, and, in many important cases, for temperatures far above the absolute zero. Here, we review the issues—theoretical and experimental—attendant on studies of the metal to non-metal transition in doped semiconductors at temperatures close to absolute zero ( T =0.03 K) and fluid chemical elements at temperatures far above absolute zero ( T >1000 K). We attempt to illustrate Mott’s insights for delving into such complex phenomena and experimental systems, finding intuitively the dominant features of the science, and developing a coherent picture of the different competing electronic processes. A particular emphasis is placed on the idea of a ‘Mott metal to non-metal transition’ in the nominally metallic chemical elements rubidium, caesium and mercury, and the converse metallization transition in the nominally non-metal elements hydrogen and oxygen. We also review major innovations by D. A. Goldhammer (Goldhammer 1913 Dispersion und absorption des lichtes ) and K. F. Herzfeld (Herzfeld 1927 Phys. Rev. 29 , 701–705. ( doi:10.1103/PhysRev.29.701 )) in a pre-quantum theory description of the metal–non-metal transition, which emphasize the pivotal role of atomic properties in dictating the metallic or non-metallic status of the chemical elements of the periodic table under ambient and extreme conditions; a link with Pauling’s ‘metallic orbital’ is also established here.

scholarly journals CONSIDERATION OF THE DESTABILIZING FACTORS INFLUENCE FOR INCREASING OF THE MEASUREMENTS ACCURACY OF A RANGEFINDER BASED ON STEREO IMAGES

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
V. L. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Optical System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Optical Distortion ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Stereo Images ◽  
Distortion Compensation ◽  
Stereo Camera ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference

The wide using of digital photography has led to significant progress in the development of the theory and methods of restoring the three-dimensional space picture on base of two-dimensional digital images. To solve the problem of increasing the measurements accuracy of such systems, it is necessary to take into account the influence of a number of destabilizing factors. The aim of this work was development of technique for accounting and compensating of destabilizing factors influence, such as the deviation from the horizontal position line of the stereo pair lens, the non-parallelism of the lenses optical axes, the mutual inclination of the photo detector matrices, and the distortion of the stereo camera optical system for increasing of the measurements accuracy of rangefinder based on the correlation analysis of the stereo image.A software application has been developed for analyzing the optical distortions of serially produced lenses, which allows to visually demonstrate the distortions nature and to determine the polynomial coefficients for compensating of the optical distortion.It is obtained that for the Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D stereo camera the distortion of the digital image reaches ± 20–35 pixels at the edges of the photo detective matrix and is not the same for the first and second lenses. The difference in the optical distortion values is due to the unequal slope of the photo detector matrix to the optical axis of the objective. Compensating polynomials for the optical system distortions of the first and second lenses of the stereo camera are experimentally determined.The range object expression from the stereo images taking into account the optical distortion compensation is obtained. It is shown for increasing of the measurements accuracy, the determining factor is not the absolute value of the lenses distortion, but the difference in the optical distortions of the stereo camera lenses, depending on the difference of the measured object coordinates of the on the photo detective matrices. Experimental studies of the developed technique for distortions compensation showed a decrease of the absolute measurements error more than by an order of magnitude at distances up to 100 m. 

scholarly journals Sub-Rectangular Tunnel Behavior under Seismic Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9909
Author(s):  
Van Vi Pham ◽  
Ngoc Anh Do ◽  
Daniel Dias
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Seismic Loading ◽  
Slip Condition ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Rectangular Tunnel

Circular and rectangular tunnel shapes are usually chosen when excavating at shallow depths in urban areas. However, special-shaped tunnels such as sub-rectangular tunnels have recently been used to overcome some drawbacks of circular and rectangular tunnels in terms of low space utilization efficiency and stress concentration, respectively. In the literature, experimental studies as well as analytical and numerical models have been developed for the seismic analysis and vulnerability assessment of circular and rectangular tunnels since the early 1990s. However, knowledge gaps regarding the behavior of sub-rectangular tunnels under seismic loading remain and still need to be bridged. The present paper focuses on introducing a numerical analysis of sub-rectangular tunnels under seismic loading. The numerical model of sub-rectangular tunnels is developed based on the numerical analyses of circular tunnels validated by comparing well-known, analytical solutions. This paper aims to highlight the differences between the behavior of sub-rectangular tunnels compared with circular tunnels when subjected to seismic loadings. Special attention is paid to the soil–lining interface conditions. The influence of parameters, such as soil deformations, maximum horizontal acceleration, and lining thickness, on sub-rectangular tunnel behavior under seismic loading is also investigated. The results indicate a significant behavior difference between sub-rectangular and circular tunnels. The absolute extreme incremental bending moments for a circular tunnel (no-slip condition) are smaller than that for the corresponding full-slip condition. The absolute extreme incremental bending moments of sub-rectangular tunnels (no-slip condition) are, however, greater than the corresponding full-slip conditions.

Design and Performance of Vaneless Volutes for Radial Inflow Turbines: Part 1: Non-Dimensional Conceptual Design Considerations

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Whitfield ◽  
A B Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Swirling Flow ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Inlet Conditions

The requirements for the volute of a radial inflow turbine are that it should collect the working fluid, deliver it to the turbine rotor as efficiently as possible and provide the desired rotor inlet conditions. The design requirements of the turbine leads to the rotor design and the identification of the desired flow conditions at rotor inlet in terms of the magnitude and direction of the absolute Mach number. The volute must then be designed to ensure that the desired rotor inlet conditions are attained. A non-dimensional design procedure for a vaneless turbine volute is described. Based on a knowledge of the flow direction and magnitude of the absolute Mach number at rotor inlet the overall dimensions of the volute in terms of the radius ratio and flow area ratio are first established. The overall design is then developed to provide the variation of the volute centroid radius and area ratio with azimuth angle. A trapezoidal cross-sectional shape is then used to establish the outer dimensions of the volute. The non-dimensional procedure assumes a one-dimensional compressible flow and as such relies on the empirical specification of the dissipation of angular momentum, the dissipation of energy and the deviation of the swirling flow from that of a free vortex. The effect of the uncertainties associated with the empirical data on the volute design geometry is assessed. A complementary experimental investigation to develop and substantiate the required empiricism is presented in Part 2, which follows. As the design procedure is essentially one-dimensional it must be interpreted with a knowledge of the actual three-dimensional flow within a volute passage. Supportive experimental studies will be presented in Part 3 in the next issue.

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