Studies in decision: I. Decision-time, relative frequency of judgment and subjective confidence as related to physical stimulus difference.

1943 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Festinger
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Physical Stimulus ◽  
Stimulus Difference ◽  
Subjective Confidence

Processing Spatial and Temporal Discontinuities: Electrophysiological Indicators

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Schlaghecken ◽  
Cristina Meinecke ◽  
Erich Schröger
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Texture Segmentation ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Physical Stimulus ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Latency Range ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
Segmentation Task ◽  
Spatial Discontinuity

Abstract In a series of four experiments measuring behavioral performance and event-related brain potentials (“ERPs”) in a texture segmentation task, we investigated whether there is evidence that texture stimuli containing a local discontinuity (“D-textures”) are conceptually different from homogeneous stimuli (“H-textures”). Stimuli were presented in an oddball design, with relative frequency of D-textures and H-textures being varied between experiments. It was found that these stimuli are not interchangeable in an oddball situation, as rare D-textures in a context of frequent H-textures give rise to the typical N2b-P3b effects, whereas rare H-textures in a context of frequent D-textures do not. This asymmetry arose because D-textures always elicited enlarged P3b components regardless of their relative frequency. It was concluded that the spatial discontinuity in D-textures adds a feature of “targetness” to these stimuli. Moreover, it was found that a posterior negative-going shift in the N2b latency range (“pN2b”) was mainly modulated by visual stimulus features. This result confirms and extends earlier findings demonstrating the sensitivity of the posterior N2b to physical stimulus characteristics.

Decision Time as a Function of Subjective Confidence and Amount of Information

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ekehammar ◽  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Time ◽  
Monotonic Function ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Subjective Confidence

The time used to carry out ratings (decision time) was studied as a function of subjective confidence in the ratings and interview length (amount of information). The ratings were based on interviews of 4 different lengths and made by 6 observers of 160 Ss with respect to 4 personality variables. Decision time showed to be a positively monotonic function of both subjective confidence and amount of information.

Retrieval dynamics of recognition and rejection

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 2328-2341
Author(s):  
Megan H Papesh ◽  
Jason L Hicks ◽  
Juan D Guevara Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Initial Deviation ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Subjective Confidence ◽  
Insight Into

Recognition memory is often viewed as the end-product of discrete cognitive events, involving the combination of latent operations such as the assessment of memory strength, the decision time, and the memory judgement. Recently, researchers have begun using the physical dynamics of memory retrieval to provide insight into the dynamic, possibly non-discrete, processes that underlie memory decisions. In this study, the underlying distributional properties of targets and lures were manipulated by populating lists with items drawn from either homogeneous or heterogeneous word frequency and context variability ranges. In all conditions, participants’ x-, y-mouse coordinates were recorded as they processed test items, allowing estimates of response dynamics (e.g., initial deviation and area under the curve [AUC]), and eventual old/new responses. The stimulus manipulations affected the distribution shapes and, to a greater degree, the placements of subjective confidence thresholds. We observed tight correspondences between confidence and AUC for both hits and correct rejections. We interpret these results within dynamic models of recognition memory.

Relative Frequency Predicts Presence of Voice Disorders

ASHA Leader ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Voice Disorders

Relative Frequency Predicts Presence of Voice Disorders

The self-schema and addictive behaviors: Studies of alcoholic patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Tarquinio ◽  
Gustave Nicolas Fischer ◽  
Aurélie Gauchet ◽  
Jacques Perarnaud
Keyword(s):  
Decision Time ◽  
The Self ◽  
Addictive Behaviors ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Self Schema ◽  
Description Task ◽  
Positive Traits ◽  
First Interview

This study deals with the sociocognitive organization of the self-schema in alcoholic patients. It was aimed at understanding how the self-schema takes shape within the framework of social judgments known to be determinants of personality. Alcoholic subjects were interviewed twice, once during their first consultation for treatment and then again four months later after completion of treatment. Our approach was derived directly from the methodology used by Markus (1977) and Clemmey & Nicassio (1997) in their studies on the self-schema. The subjects had to perform three tasks that required manipulating personality traits with positive and negative connotations (a self-description task in which decision time was measured, an autobiographical task, and a recall task). The results of the first interview showed that 1. in their self-descriptions, alcoholics took more time than control subjects both to accept positive traits and to reject negative ones; 2. unlike control subjects, alcoholics considered more negative traits to be self-descriptive than positive traits, and 3. unlike controls, alcoholics recalled more negative traits than positive ones. By the second interview, the results for the alcoholic subjects on the autobiographical and recall tasks had changed: 1. they now described themselves more positively and less negatively than on the first meeting; 2. they recalled a marginally greater number of positive traits and a significantly smaller number of negative traits, and 3. the differences between the alcoholics and controls indicated an improvement in the alcoholics' self-perceptions.

Does the Name-Race Implicit Association Test Measure Racial Prejudice?

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don van Ravenzwaaij ◽  
Han L. J. van der Maas ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Model Decomposition ◽  
Test Measure

Research using the Implicit Association Test (IAT) has shown that names labeled as Caucasian elicit more positive associations than names labeled as non-Caucasian. One interpretation of this result is that the IAT measures latent racial prejudice. An alternative explanation is that the result is due to differences in in-group/out-group membership. In this study, we conducted three different IATs: one with same-race Dutch names versus racially charged Moroccan names; one with same-race Dutch names versus racially neutral Finnish names; and one with Moroccan names versus Finnish names. Results showed equivalent effects for the Dutch-Moroccan and Dutch-Finnish IATs, but no effect for the Finnish-Moroccan IAT. This suggests that the name-race IAT-effect is not due to racial prejudice. A diffusion model decomposition indicated that the IAT-effects were caused by changes in speed of information accumulation, response conservativeness, and non-decision time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document