The role of secondary reinforcement in a partial reinforcement learning situation.

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ray Denny
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Learning Situation

scholarly journals Shared mechanisms of auditory and non-auditory vocal learning in the songbird brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McGregor ◽  
Abigail Grassler ◽  
Paul I. Jaffe ◽  
Amanda Louise Jacob ◽  
Michael Brainard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Vocal Plasticity

Songbirds and humans share the ability to adaptively modify their vocalizations based on sensory feedback. Prior studies have focused primarily on the role that auditory feedback plays in shaping vocal output throughout life. In contrast, it is unclear whether and how non-auditory information drives vocal plasticity. Here, we first used a reinforcement learning paradigm to establish that non-auditory feedback can drive vocal learning in adult songbirds. We then assessed the role of a songbird basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathway critical to auditory vocal learning in this novel form of vocal plasticity. We found that both this circuit and its dopaminergic inputs are necessary for non-auditory vocal learning, demonstrating that this pathway is not specialized exclusively for auditory-driven vocal learning. The ability of this circuit to use both auditory and non-auditory information to guide vocal learning may reflect a general principle for the neural systems that support vocal plasticity across species.

scholarly journals Administrasi kurikulum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmah Yulia
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Curriculum Implementation ◽  
Curriculum Planning ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Learning Situation ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Curriculum Monitoring

Curriculum administration is the whole process of planned and deliberately planned and serious activities and continuing coaching of the teaching and learning situation effectively and efficiently in order to help the achievement of educational goals that have been set. In the process of curriculum administration, there are 4 processes that we can find out, namely: curriculum planning, curriculum implementation, curriculum monitoring / development, and evaluation. The role of the teacher in the administration of education, namely: implementers, adapters, developers, researchers.

scholarly journals Pengertian, Proses dan Peran Guru dalam Administrasi Kurikulum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunita Rozalinda ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Learning Situation ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Planning Implementation

This article was written to explain the understanding, process, and role of the teacher in curriculum administration. The method used to compile this article is a systematic literature review (SLR). Curriculum administration is the whole process of planned and earnest activities to help, and direct and foster the teaching and learning situation to run effectively and efficiently for the achievement of predetermined educational goals. In general the curriculum administration process consists of planning, implementation, supervision, evaluation.

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