Performance in a shock-avoidance conditioning situation interpreted as pseudoconditioning.

1961 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orville A., Jr. Smith ◽  
Willard L. McFarland ◽  
Eugene Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Shock Avoidance ◽  
Conditioning Situation

scholarly journals Effects of magnesium pemoline on shock avoidance conditioning and on various chemical measures

1968 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gaito ◽  
James H. Davison ◽  
James Mottin
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Shock Avoidance ◽  
Magnesium Pemoline

Baroreflex unimpaired by operant avoidance or classical aversive conditioning in dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. R1025-R1034
Author(s):  
R. A. Shammas ◽  
A. L. Denison ◽  
T. W. Pfennig ◽  
D. P. Hemker ◽  
R. B. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Shock Avoidance ◽  
Classical Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Sinus Pressure

Previous studies showed that baroreflex control of heart rate is impaired during operant shock avoidance conditioning and classical aversive conditioning. However, the effects of such "emotionally stressful" paradigms on the ability of the baroreflex to control arterial pressure have not been directly assessed. We prepared the carotid sinus regions of dogs for reversible isolation from the systemic circulation, and we derived complete stimulus-response relations for the effects of carotid sinus pressure on both heart rate and arterial pressure. For any given carotid sinus pressure, arterial pressure and heart rate were higher during operant shock-avoidance conditioning and during classical aversive conditioning than in a neutral environment, which indicates an upward resetting of the baroreflex. However, threshold and saturation carotid sinus pressures were unaffected by operant conditioning or classical conditioning, which indicates that the baroreceptors themselves were not reset. The ranges over which the carotid baroreflex could vary arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly increased during both operant conditioning and classical conditioning. Baroreflex gain was unchanged during operant conditioning and was significantly increased during classical conditioning. We conclude that the baroreflex is not impaired during operant shock-avoidance conditioning or classical aversive conditioning in dogs. However, the baroreflex is reset and regulates blood pressure at an elevated level.

Cross-Modal Transfer of Avoidance Learning in Rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene R. Delay
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Shock Avoidance ◽  
Albino Rats

Cross-modal avoidance learning was studied in 32 male, albino rats initially trained with either a visual or auditory CS. Half of the rats trained with each CS were retrained with the opposite CS and the rest with the same CS. Analysis indicated that avoidance training with a CS in one modality improves shock-avoidance conditioning with a CS in another sensory modality.

Hemodynamic and metabolic adjustments during exercise and shock avoidance in dogs

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. H225-H230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Langer ◽  
P. A. Obrist ◽  
J. A. McCubbin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Shock Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Pressor Responses ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of a physical (treadmill excercise) and behavioral (signaled shock-avoidance) stressor could be differentiated. To do this, direct continuous recordings of cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and discrete determinations of the arterial-mixed venous oxygen ((a-v)O2) content difference were analyzed in six dogs during exposure to three grades of treadmill exercise and when working on a shock-avoidance task. The results indicated that in five animals the relationship between cardiac output and the (a-v)O2 difference during shock-avoidance conditioning was significantly different from the corresponding pattern observed during exercise. In four animals the data suggested that avoidance conditioning, relative to exercise stress, elicited overperfusion. Behavioral stress also produced reliable elevations in diastolic and systolic blood pressure. These results suggest that, when compared to physical stress, behavioral stress can produce a dissociation of cardiovascular and metabolic processes in the presence of acute pressor responses.

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