Differential effects of "display lags" and "control lags" on the performance of manual tracking systems.

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Garvey ◽  
J. S. Sweeney ◽  
H. P. Birmingham
Keyword(s):  
Manual Tracking ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
And Control

Giving and Taking —Differential Effects of Providing, Receiving and Anticipating Emotional Support on Quality of Life in Adults with Multiple Illnesses

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 660-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Warner ◽  
Benjamin Schüz ◽  
Susanne Wurm ◽  
Jochen P. Ziegelmann ◽  
Clemens Tesch-Römer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
And Control

Multimorbidity challenges quality of life (QoL) in old age. Anticipating and providing social support have been shown to promote QoL whereas receiving support often had detrimental effects. Little is known about which psychological processes explain these effects. This study examines the effects of receiving, anticipating and providing emotional support on QoL, with control beliefs and self-esteem as simultaneous mediators in an elderly multimorbid sample ( N = 1415). Anticipating and providing support positively predicted QoL, mediated through self-esteem and control beliefs. Received support negatively predicted QoL, without mediation. Self-esteem and control beliefs can help to explain the relation between QoL and support.

scholarly journals Differential effects of propofol and ketamine on critical brain dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e1008418
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Varley ◽  
Olaf Sporns ◽  
Aina Puce ◽  
John Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Level ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

Whether the brain operates at a critical “tipping” point is a long standing scientific question, with evidence from both cellular and systems-scale studies suggesting that the brain does sit in, or near, a critical regime. Neuroimaging studies of humans in altered states of consciousness have prompted the suggestion that maintenance of critical dynamics is necessary for the emergence of consciousness and complex cognition, and that reduced or disorganized consciousness may be associated with deviations from criticality. Unfortunately, many of the cellular-level studies reporting signs of criticality were performed in non-conscious systems (in vitro neuronal cultures) or unconscious animals (e.g. anaesthetized rats). Here we attempted to address this knowledge gap by exploring critical brain dynamics in invasive ECoG recordings from multiple sessions with a single macaque as the animal transitioned from consciousness to unconsciousness under different anaesthetics (ketamine and propofol). We use a previously-validated test of criticality: avalanche dynamics to assess the differences in brain dynamics between normal consciousness and both drug-states. Propofol and ketamine were selected due to their differential effects on consciousness (ketamine, but not propofol, is known to induce an unusual state known as “dissociative anaesthesia”). Our analyses indicate that propofol dramatically restricted the size and duration of avalanches, while ketamine allowed for more awake-like dynamics to persist. In addition, propofol, but not ketamine, triggered a large reduction in the complexity of brain dynamics. All states, however, showed some signs of persistent criticality when testing for exponent relations and universal shape-collapse. Further, maintenance of critical brain dynamics may be important for regulation and control of conscious awareness.

The Differential Effects of Three Verbal Punishers on the Disfluencies of Normal Speakers

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 496-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Brookshire ◽  
Richard R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Random Schedule ◽  
And Control

One hundred normal subjects, divided into five groups, read aloud for 40 minutes. For the first 10 minutes (Baserate), subjects read without interruption. For the next 20 minutes (Conditioning), verbal stimuli contingent upon disfluency were delivered to three groups. One group received “wrong”; the second, “no”; and the third “huh-uh” for disfluency. A fourth group received “wrong” on a random schedule during Conditioning, while the fifth (control) received no verbal stimuli. During the last 10 minutes (Extinction), no verbal stimuli were delivered to any group. Random and Control subjects did not change disfluency rates, while subjects in all contingent conditions decreased disfluency in Conditioning. Contingent “wrong” produced the greatest decrement in disfluency, “no” the least, and “huh-uh” occupied a midpoint.

Posturing for Peace? Pakistan's Nuclear Postures and South Asian Stability

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Narang
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
International Security ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
Stability Dynamics ◽  
And Control

A probe of various regional power nuclear postures reveals that such postures, rather than simply the acquisition of nuclear weapons, can have differential effects on deterrence and stability dynamics. The India-Pakistan dyad is a useful candidate for exploring these various effects because the three regional power nuclear postures—catalytic, assured retaliation, and asymmetric escalation—have interacted with each other in South Asia. In particular, Pakistan's shift from a catalytic posture to an asymmetric escalation posture in 1998 against a continuous Indian assured retaliation posture allows the effects of nuclear posture to be isolated in an enduring rivalry in which many variables can be held constant. The asymmetric escalation posture may be “deterrence optimal” for Pakistan, suggesting that nuclear postures do have different effects on conflict dynamics, but it has also enabled Pakistan to more aggressively pursue longstanding revisionist preferences in India, triggering more frequent and intense crises on the subcontinent. Furthermore, the command and control procedures that Pakistan undertakes to make its asymmetric escalation posture credible amplify this instability. These procedures generate risks to the safety and security of Pakistan's nuclear assets, both at present and as India and Pakistan continue to dynamically evolve nuclear and conventional postures. The conclusions for South Asian and international security of this reality are grim.

Human operator dynamics in manual tracking systems with auditory input

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takashima ◽  
S. Yoshizawa ◽  
J. Nagumo
Keyword(s):  
Human Operator ◽  
Manual Tracking ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
Tracking Systems
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