The relative efficiency of several training methods as a function of transfer task complexity.

1962 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Briggs ◽  
James C. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Transfer Task ◽  
Training Methods

Comparison of the Correction and the Rerun Noncorrection Methods in Maze Learning

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Towart ◽  
Erling E. Boe
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Maze Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Position Response

The relative efficiency of learning under the correction and rerun noncorrection methods was studied in 2 experiments. In both experiments, rats first acquired, and then reversed, a position response in a parallel alley maze. The results of Exp. I and II showed no difference between training methods during acquisition. However, the rerun noncorrection method was superior to the correction method in a series of six position reversals in Exp. II. In view of the results of previous research on this problem, it was tentatively concluded that the superiority of one method over the other during acquisition depends on the nature of the task.

scholarly journals The Effects of Unilateral Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Unimanual Laparoscopic Peg-Transfer Task

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaeem Hadi ◽  
Aysha Umbreen ◽  
Muhammad Nabeel Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Samran Navid
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Transfer Task ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Anodal Tdcs ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation

ABSTRACTIntroductionEfficient training methods are required for laparoscopic surgical skills training to reduce the time needed for proficiency. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely used to enhance motor skill acquisition and can be used to supplement the training of laparoscopic surgical skill acquisition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anodal tDCS over the primary motor cortex (M1) on the performance of a unimanual variant of the laparoscopic peg-transfer task.MethodsFifteen healthy subjects participated in this randomized, double-blinded crossover study involving an anodal tDCS and a sham tDCS intervention separated by 48 hours. On each intervention day, subjects performed a unimanual variant of laparoscopic peg-transfer task in three sessions (baseline, tDCS, post-tDCS). The tDCS session consisted of 10 minutes of offline tDCS followed by 10 minutes of online tDCS. The scores based on the task completion time and the number of errors in each session were used as a primary outcome measure. A linear mixed-effects model was used for the analysis.ResultsWe found that the scores increased over sessions (p<0.001). However, we found no effects of stimulation (anodal tDCS vs. sham tDCS) and no interaction of stimulation and sessions.ConclusionThis study suggests that irrespective of the type of current stimulation (anodal and sham) over M1, there was an improvement in the performance of the unimanual peg-transfer task, implying that there was motor learning over time. The results would be useful in designing efficient training paradigms and further investigating the effects of tDCS on laparoscopic peg-transfer tasks.

A Questionnaire Survey of Current Rehabilitation Practices for Adults With Normal Hearing Sensitivity Who Experience Auditory Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 738-761
Author(s):  
Tess K. Koerner ◽  
Melissa A. Papesh ◽  
Frederick J. Gallun
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Considerable Benefit ◽  
High Level

Purpose A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information from clinical audiologists about rehabilitation options for adult patients who report significant auditory difficulties despite having normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. This work aimed to provide more information about what audiologists are currently doing in the clinic to manage auditory difficulties in this patient population and their views on the efficacy of recommended rehabilitation methods. Method A questionnaire survey containing multiple-choice and open-ended questions was developed and disseminated online. Invitations to participate were delivered via e-mail listservs and through business cards provided at annual audiology conferences. All responses were anonymous at the time of data collection. Results Responses were collected from 209 participants. The majority of participants reported seeing at least one normal-hearing patient per month who reported significant communication difficulties. However, few respondents indicated that their location had specific protocols for the treatment of these patients. Counseling was reported as the most frequent rehabilitation method, but results revealed that audiologists across various work settings are also successfully starting to fit patients with mild-gain hearing aids. Responses indicated that patient compliance with computer-based auditory training methods was regarded as low, with patients generally preferring device-based rehabilitation options. Conclusions Results from this questionnaire survey strongly suggest that audiologists frequently see normal-hearing patients who report auditory difficulties, but that few clinicians are equipped with established protocols for diagnosis and management. While many feel that mild-gain hearing aids provide considerable benefit for these patients, very little research has been conducted to date to support the use of hearing aids or other rehabilitation options for this unique patient population. This study reveals the critical need for additional research to establish evidence-based practice guidelines that will empower clinicians to provide a high level of clinical care and effective rehabilitation strategies to these patients.

Training Methods With Clinicians and Students—A Personal Story and Change: Narrative Therapy for Stuttering

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Leahy
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Case Description ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Personal Story ◽  
Fluency Disorders

Abstract Educating students and informing clinicians regarding developments in therapy approaches and in evidence-based practice are important elements of the responsibility of specialist academic posts in universities. In this article, the development of narrative therapy and its theoretical background are outlined (preceded by a general outline of how the topic of fluency disorders is introduced to students at an Irish university). An example of implementing narrative therapy with a 12-year-old boy is presented. The brief case description demonstrates how narrative therapy facilitated this 12-year-old make sense of his dysfluency and his phonological disorder, leading to his improved understanding and management of the problems, fostering a sense of control that led ultimately to their resolution.

Gender Differences in the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) Are Not Due to Task Complexity

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Titze ◽  
Martin Heil ◽  
Petra Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Medium Effects ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Mental Rotations ◽  
Sufficient Power ◽  
Forced Choice Tasks ◽  
Choice Tasks

Gender differences are one of the main topics in mental rotation research. This paper focuses on the influence of the performance factor task complexity by using two versions of the Mental Rotations Test (MRT). Some 300 participants completed the test without time constraints, either in the regular version or with a complexity reducing template creating successive two-alternative forced-choice tasks. Results showed that the complexity manipulation did not affect the gender differences at all. These results were supported by a sufficient power to detect medium effects. Although performance factors seem to play a role in solving mental rotation problems, we conclude that the variation of task complexity as realized in the present study did not.

Idea Exchange Re Graduate Training Methods

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
MARVIN E. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Training ◽  
Training Methods
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